Advantages and Disadvantages of Drugs Usage Essay

: Advantages and Disadvantages of Drugs Usage Good morning to our teacher Pn. Devi and our friends. I am chien yen. I am Wan Yi. We are honoured to give a talk on advantages and disadvantages of drug usage. I probably don’t have to work very hard to get people to see that there really is no right time, place, or situation to try drugs, but I’m going to try anyway. There are several different reasons why teens might turn to drugs . One of them could be that they just want to be social and have fun. Usually, it is in a social setting that teens first try drugs. The â€Å"teen years† is when most adolescents do their experimenting with different things, and this could also be another reason why they might try drugs. They also might be mislead to think that addiction couldn’t happen to them, so â€Å"I can stop whenever I want† is often an excuse. Another reason could be that they want to seem mature, or cool. Many teens think that using drugs make them seem more grown-up and confident, but in fact, it shows just how immature they are. By giving into peer pressure and not being able to think for themselves, the only thing they prove is that they are naive. Everybody knows that parents are big influence in child’s life, but sometimes children might feel pressured or controlled by their parents and decide to rebel against them. Using drugs is a very common way of rebelling because the parents might not even know that it’s going on right under their noses. School, friends, relationships, and many other things could also be adding to the stress of teens today, and the pressure alone might drive them to drugs because they think it’s comforting. The truth is that it adds more stress to their lives in the long run. There are many dangers that come along with drug use. The greatest danger is death, but there are several other risks and consequences that should definitely be taken into consideration. Drugs can cause addiction, brain damage, liver failure, and many other serious health problems. The use of drugs can also impact the user’s family and friends. They can be dragged into the user’s problem and get addicted themselves. The user could also end up being abandoned by his or her family and friends because nobody really wants to be around drug users. There are so many benefits that come along with a drug free lifestyle. I think most people probably already know the major benefit†¦ life. I believe life is too short to waste time worrying about the consequences of doing drugs. Teenagers are stressed enough these days with work, school, family, and friends that we don’t need any additional reasons to be stressed or feel overwhelmed. Life is hard sometimes, but the misconception that drugs will make it better just makes it that much worse. Another benefit of drug free lifestyle is having a completely functional brain. School is hard for many teenagers, and they have to struggle to get by, so add drugs into the equation, and it makes school that much harder. Then what happens if the person decides that school is too hard? They give up, and live the rest of their life poor because they never finished high school and can’t get a decent job. There’s also the fact that there would be a lost less money spent on medical bills. Tobacco causes cancer, alcohol causes liver problem, inhalants cause brain damage, and all of the other drugs have their health issues also. If they were no drugs, there wouldn’t be as many health problems. If there weren’t as many health problems, there wouldn’t be as much money spent at the hospital. If there was less money spent at the hospital, the doctors might be mad, but the person’s life would be so much better overall! Seriously, not doing drugs can prevent a number of health problems. Overall, there is never a right time, place, or situation to use drugs. Also, almost all the reasons that teens might use drugs are just misconceptions. This doesn’t only go got teenagers. Many adults use drugs , and the same risks apply to adult drug users.

17th Century Masters of Dutch Painting Essay

The Baroque Art Style Movement started in the 17th century. This period was characterized by complex art style which is stimulated by the urge to tap the different â€Å"emotional states† which is dramatically shown â€Å"by appealing to the senses. † The dominant characteristics of this period were â€Å"grandeur, sensuous richness, drama, vitality, movement, tension, emotional exuberance, and a tendency to blur distinctions† ( Pioch, 2002, â€Å"Baroque†). The Dutch were one of those who perfected this particular style and they have generated some of the critically acclaimed Baroque masterpieces in art history. Jan Vermeer, Jan Steen and Gabriel Metsu were just three of the masters of Dutch painting who have immensely contributed to the development of the arts in the Netherlands. Vermeer’s Woman Holding A Balance, Steen’s The Drawing Lesson and Metsu’s Young Woman Reading A Letter were some of the noted creations that have embodied the â€Å"novelty of genre Dutch paintings. † These art pieces were immediately accepted by the public because they resembled an â€Å"honest and materialist art† that highlighted art as an â€Å"end in itself and not as a mere vehicle for emphasizing values from other realms of human thought. † More so, these paintings focused on a common theme which is the depiction of domestic daily life wherein women where the central characters. The artists used this theme to emphasize that the homes were not merely structures but also the foundation of morals in the society. In addition, the role of women in the paintings was intended to help bring serenity to the viewers in order for them to easily adapt to the overwhelming changes that were introduced in the 17th century (cited in Janson, 2008, â€Å"The Subject Matter of Dutch Domestic Interiors†). See more: Analysis of Starbucks coffee company employees essay Jan Vermeer was an artisan who is known for his trademarks of crafty play with light and color, inclusion of graphics with poetic quality and the exploration of spatial relationships. The camera obscura was the tool he used add a realness factor to his paintings (Pioch, 2002, â€Å"Vermeer, Jan†). In Woman Holding A Balance, Jan Vermeer illustrated a young woman holding a pair of empty weighing scales who was probably going to measure the mass of the valuable materials placed on the table. Moreover, other elements were also harmoniously integrated in the artwork such as the painting of the Last Judgment which signified a Christian biblical event; the weighing scales which symbolized justice; the light coming from the window suggested spiritual enlightenment and the mirror in front of the woman represented conceitedness. All of these elements exemplified the significance of resisting temptation of material things and living moderately in order to obtain salvation (National Gallery of Art, 2008, â€Å"Vermeer†). Meanwhile, Jan Steen was branded as one of the most productive painters of the Dutch art scene. He was known for his â€Å"versatility, richness of characterization, inventiveness in composition, skillful manipulation of colors† (Janson, 2008, â€Å"Seven Dutch Masters: Jan Steen†). The Drawing Lesson captured the scene of an art instructor teaching a young male and a beautiful young lady most likely about drawing. The art studio was filled with a variety of art paraphernalia that were strewn all over the place. There were nude sculptures, paint brushes, easels and other art materials. Vanity was also represented through the presence of â€Å"a laurel wreath, a skull, wine, a fur muff, a book, a lute, and a pipe† to impart Steen’s message that popularity and life are not permanent in the physical world. This uncomplicated ordinary scene is a symbolic representation of the lives of artists and the nature of their profession (J. Paul Getty Trust, â€Å"†The Drawing Lesson†). Moreover, another Dutch painter who made a mark in the field of Baroque art was Gabriel Metsu who was also a son of a painter. He founded the Leiden painters guild where he learned to create genre scenes that showed the â€Å"influences of Nicolaes Maes, Gerrit Terborch and the Delft school. † More so, â€Å"his technique evolved from the quite broadly painted Leiden works to the meticulous fjnschilder manner of his later Amsterdam years† (Janson, 2008, â€Å"Seven Dutch Masters: Gabriel Metsu†). In Metsu’s painting of Woman Reading a Letter, shows a woman reading a letter probably from a suitor or a male correspondence. Actually, this painting is a continuation of another Metsu painting called Man Writing a Letter and when these two pieces are interconnected, a story of courtship between a man and a woman is established. Meanwhile, â€Å"the maid’s momentary movement contrasts with the concentration of the young woman who, one senses, will not move until she has finished reading the letter. † Love was also cleverly symbolized in the painting which is in the form of the seascape painting mounted on the wall which probably was directed to represent the risks involved in having relationships (Web Gallery of Art, 1996, â€Å"Metsu, Gabriel†). In terms of aesthetic qualities, the three paintings showcased a variety of distinct elements including color, light, texture, lines, and brushstrokes. In Woman Holding A Balance by Vermeer, the artist combined all aesthetic elements to produce one exquisite picture. Vermeer employed darker shades of color but accents of blue, yellow and white were visible to avoid monotony. More so, the light came from only source which was at the window that directly illuminated the serene face of the woman. Since this painting symbolically suggests living a balanced life, the compositional lines proportionally dissected the whole picture that emanated uniformity and a sense of space. The technique used by Vermeer for his brushstrokes was impasto wherein he densely put paint on the canvas to make strokes using a paintbrush finished by thin glazes. In addition, played with camera obscura â€Å"to create a specular highlight† as seen on the pearls on the table which were painted with two layers of color. Overall, these elements: the dark colors, the orthogonal lines, impasto brushstrokes, the objects that surround the woman like the balance and painting of the Last Judgement , all â€Å"reinforced the theme of spiritual moderation†(National Gallery of Art, 2008, â€Å"Vermeer†). Many different objects and elements were incorporated in The Drawing Lesson by Steen. Every object has a corresponding meaning and significance. The colors of brown, pink, grey, blue and red were delicately subdued to seamlessly mesh the variety of objects in the picture. In addition the colors, lighting and the placement of the objects were very strategic that despite the many elements present, the painting did not look cluttered. More so, each object included in the painting suggested a symbolical meaning, the viewer just needs to look closely and try to comprehend the message of Steen. â€Å"Typically Steen gives a degree of information about individual characters, but leaves the viewer to ponder the specific twists of the narrative, and to admire the artist for his clever allusions† (Wiseman, â€Å"Dutch and Flemish Art†). The focal point of the painting was the teacher and his pretty young student. The pastel colors of pink and blue contrasted by the gold and dark red colors emphasized the young woman and her dress which suggested that she is aristocratic in nature. While the art teacher was depicted in an ordinary attire to show that he is a commoner trying to break into the exclusive circle of the rich by teaching their children how to make art. In the position of the artist, the young woman and the boy, it could be drawn that there exist a special relationship between the teacher and his pupil and that the other student notices their secret â€Å"love affair. † However, this interpretation was not confirmed by Steen. He wanted his artworks to insinuate different messages depending on the viewer’s perception. For Woman Reading a Letter Metsu wanted to tell a story of love, drama and anticipation. This painting was clearly the continuation of Metsu’s other painting called Man â€Å"Writing a Letter. † Compared to the two previous artworks, this one had been brightly illuminated and the dominant colors were of light shades and hues. At first glance, one may think that this is a sublime scenario but if one would look closely and analyze the objects that surround the woman, one can realize that this painting suggests otherwise. The tranquil face of the woman reading the letter is contradicted by the chaotic seascape painting on the wall. Also, the dropped shoe and the worried position of the maid support the theory that something bad might have happened to the man who sent the letter. Every aspect of this painting had been craftily incorporated to tell a provoking story.

Executive Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Executive Decision Making - Essay Example   It would be necessary before constructing a contract to determine whether the supplier will want such advances and then weigh this against operational costs of the business model. Furthermore, if the agreement between the supplier and the distributor is not going to be long-lived, contracts may ask for some variety of reimbursement related to the tooling costs to meet the distributor’s demand. This could be non-beneficial for a smaller organization that might be struggling to achieve profit. Any and all expenses must be considered before seeking foreign sourcing opportunities. If the supplier is chosen will be a partner for a multi-year relationship, then issues of potential pricing must be weighed before making this decision. Costs of manufacturing are influenced by changing labor wage rates and fluctuating prices of raw materials in the global supply chain. It can be difficult to establish an appropriate pricing agreement under a long duration contract as it is not easy to predict what costs will be incurred in the future. The vendor could, in the future, demand a higher price (which can be rejected by the distributor) which could terminate the contract. This would have disadvantages as it takes time for supplier partners to understand the needs of their client and alter manufacturing to fit distributor needs. Hence, in a price dispute, it could lead to further costs in identifying an alternative supplier. Additionally, product liability is a major concern for companies seeking overseas sourcing. There is a substantial risk that consumers purchasing products made in a foreign nation could have personal injuries as a result of using the foreign-made product or property damage if the product happens to be.

The Report of created app Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Report of created app - Essay Example Statistics shows that the use of technology among travelers is very high and therefore the tourism industry is making efforts to stay in touch with its clients through technology (Tourism in a World of Technology, 2011). The tourism industry can be defined as an attraction sector as it runs on the manmade and the natural creation that are the center of attraction. People from all over the world pay their visits to such modern or ancient destinations. One of the major jobs of the tourism industry is to market such manmade or natural places so that they attract the attention of people around the globe. Attractive and unique places succeed in capturing the interest of large number of tourists (Tarlow, 2011). Time is an important constraint for tourists as usually they have limited time in which lots of things need to be done. They need to work on questions like what is to be done and how it is needed to be done. Another problem faced by them is to find places. This indeed is another tim e consuming activity and it acquires a lot of time of the trip. The tourism packages being offered are for a limited period and therefore wasting time in finding places can be a problem for the tourists (5 key issues facing travel and tourism, 2012). The people enjoying their holidays constantly want to share their picture and videos with their family and friends. The fascination of people of taking picture and recording videos has often been the topic of criticism. Tourists consider pictures as a record that they can share with their family and friends way back home. These photos and videos recorded by the tourists remind them of their visit. It is not always easy for tourists to share and record these significant moments of their life. This is where technology comes into action. The problems faced by the tourists can be solved by the tourism industry through the help of technology. The discussed problems cannot be considered as a negative side of tourism. Travelling places and fin ding way to go to new places is in itself enjoyment. It is the job of the organizer to make the tour a life time experience for its customers. Their tasks involve picking up mundane activities and turning them into something interesting and fun. For example train journey can be a great source of joy for travel writers, and similarly travelling in buses and undergrounds have their own pleasure. The best part of city visits is walking in streets as it is one of the easiest ways to access the life of the people of that place (Some of the Major Current Issues Confronting Tourism, 2006). Still there is a need to solve all these problems faced by the tourists in order to make the tourism industry much more efficient. The tourism industry cannot find an optimal solution for such problems simply by taking the help of technology. Technology can be used by our tourism business to save the precious time of the customers. It must also be noted that things like finding a cafe in another country are a source of enjoyment in itself (Fesenmaier, 2012). In order to solve this problem of finding places one can simply provide their customers with electronic guidebooks. This is an advanced from of traditional guidebook that has the A-Z list of all the places present in a particular country. In the traditional guidebooks the tourists have to look through the pages in order to get direction and find a place. This cannot be considered as an easy task. Usually it can be seen that tourists travel in a group and therefore in

Business Law Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Law Questions - Essay Example The law of agency can be construed by a sharp attorney representing a plaintiff to support a transfer the ownership of a property in question to the agent in a similar way as alter ego theories. Basically, the agency law in PCV situations involves an array of agreements that bring together the agent, and the principal in which case the former becomes mandated under the law to assume the responsibilities of the latter to formalize a legitimate agreement to work with a third party (Steinberg, 2012). Under such a scenario, the agent automatically assumes the principal’s role, thus can enter into business deals and negotiation with third parties. According to Steinberg (2012), the agency law guides the operation of agents and the third parties whom they have business dealings with; and provides for principals to play a second fiddle to the agents when the latter acts on their behalf. The reciprocal privileges and responsibility between signatory parties to a contract mirrors business and legal practicalities. A business proprietor usually relies on a worker or another individual to operate an enterprise. When dealing with a corporation, which generally is a conjured legal entity, human agents take precedence. In such a case the principal is required by the law, through the agreement signed by the agent to play a second fiddle in the running of the business or being held responsible in case of any liability. An agent’s lawyer can therefore argue that the law grants the agent sweeping powers to execute his or her role within the jurisdiction of the organization to exercise his or her will. When an agent legally assumes c ontrol of the business, a third party may entrust his or her details and deals with the agent and enter into an agreement with the principal’s representative if he or she introduces himself so (Brams, 1999). And owing to the technicalities witnessed by those who would want to corroborate the identity and or authority of the agent, most of third parties often show willingness to work with the agent and disregard any other party regardless of their superiority. It is in such a scenario, the corporation can be deemed as the â€Å"alter ego† of the agent. Agency powers The law of agency provides the agent with three legal milestones that whoever occupies the position can tacitly exploit to his or her advantage. First, the agency enjoys actual authority. Actual authority which is enjoyed by the plaintiff often arises in two ways: either where the principal expressly confers power on the agent, or where the authority is implied (Brams, 1999). Authority is a product of consen sus, and its implementation is usually based on fact. Therefore, the law of agency grants the agent protection from the principal, especially where the former has acted within the agency’s mandate, as provided for under implied powers. Secondly, implied actual authority, or the usual authority, refers to powers that an agent enjoys by virtue of being fairly necessary to exercise his or her express authority. Implied actual authority can be assumed by the agent owing to his or her role as the principal’s proxy (Steinberg, 2012). In a nutshell, in any case the agent makes a decision regarding the business they have assumed control of, the decision is deemed binding and the principal will be expected to comply with the agent’s move. Such a scenario makes the property in the hands of the agent an alter ego of himself or herself. Question 2: Hypothetically, starting from a blank state legislative slate, the only form of business organization that would be needed toda y would be the Limited Liability Company form. Analyze and critique this statement. A limited liability company (LLC), is a corporate structure that

Retail Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Retail Marketing - Essay Example Notably, retailing sometimes retailing engulfs subordinating services including delivery of services (Pradhan and Pradhan, 2009; pg. 37). In other cases, the term retail is often used to refer to a situation where the service provider often quench the needs of a magnitude of individuals including in areas of public utility such in the supply of electric power. Therefore, it is vital for the targeted organization to understand the nature of the retailing it is about to franchise before such actions are taken. The type of the cloth products chain to be distributed will influence the location and other business environment required to run the intended retail shop. The retailing shops are sometimes located on residential streets, places with few or without houses, or along shopping mails. The retail shops along streets may be targeting mainly pedestrians (Zarrella, 2010). On the other hand, the current technological enhancement has led to electronic or online commerce that is often used for business to customer (B2C) transactions including the mail order that are non shop retailing services. These internet services can be used to market the newly franchised cloth retail business depending size of the mother business and the target customers (Pradhan and Pradhan, 2009; 79). ... w-shopping that involves just looking at goods but not buying, and other shopping practices that do not involve actual purchasing of goods or services. Therefore, the organization can embark on one or two of these practices to reach their customers. There are numerous retail outlets that are defined by activities and nature of stocking of good or products in relation to services provided under the same. The marketplace retail site is a location where the cloth products can exchanged. In most cases, it is often defined as the market share where traders often erect stalls where buyers browse merchandise. Marketplaces are the oldest existing retail points in the world (Zarrella, 2010). Despite the existence of markets for over centuries, in the recent past, they have been increasingly taken over by retail chains. The retail services or shopping is often classified considering the type of the products that a given retail shops and most retails often venture distinctively on food products , durable goods, hard goods, and soft or consumable goods (Michman and mazze, 2000; pg. 68). Other than recognizing the retail shops with types of goods and services they sell, cloth retail shop should recognize these shops with the marketing strategies that would make the business viable. These strategies have led to different recognized retail outlets that the cloth retail shop can adopt and some of them include: Departmental stores; are large stores selling huge assortment of goods. They usually bear intense resemblance to the specialty stores. Retailers under these ventures often carry variety of categories that includes broad assortments at average prices. In addition, other than selling cloths they can also offer considerable services to customers. The cloth retail shops may also be

Design for disassembly and transformation Research Paper

Design for disassembly and transformation - Research Paper Example Setting aside farsightedness the thinking paradigm of man has narrowed down to his present only. The in fashion trends appeal the consumer oriented society of today where much emphasis is placed on the usage of disposable goods. Once used these things are simply thrown out. Seldom is it thought about the fate of these goods. Mostly unrecyclable in nature they end up in massive junkyards, bound to stay there for ever. The volume and number of these dumping grounds is growing at an alarming pace. On the other the careless usage of nature’s resources has begun to result in dangerous outcomes. These include the existence of green house effect and a rapid increase in global warming just for an instance. It is imperative that a means of reducing this unethical and careless formulation and usage of things be devised so as to minimize the adverse effects of using unsustainable products for the years that are to come. The trio of Reuse, Recycle and Repair has proved to be not enough to control the gravity of the problem. Another intelligent ways must be looked and pondered upon in order to fulfill the need of time. This report focuses on the detailed study of the problem, the impacts and significance of the problem, and how design level changes and consideration can play a vital role in handling the severity of the problem. ... With the passage of time man’s intellect made him learn to modify the natural resources at hand into products that would facilitate his necessities. This modification did not however restrict to the mere survival requirements of humans but went quite well beyond that. Years went by and every inch of advancements that humans went forth with opened new horizons for even more that were to follow. Excited by the ease this new stream of convenience and prosperity man went ahead with them forgetting to turn and look back at the losses that he was incurring en route. These losses were indispensible but it took man years to realize their severity. With every step forward man took and invented new things the unfavorable impact that these inventions had on the nature around him increased manifolds. Some more indestructible waste increased and some more things hazardous to the environment steeped up in their graph. As every new model of an object sprang up its older model would be thrown out of people’s lives. This trend, upon reaching higher limits, rang bells in the human mind. It was then that man thought what may have led to such a situation. The answer was just one. Lack of initial foresight in the design and construction of products had resulted in goods that suited their respective purposes very well indeed but were not transformable into any other useful product. Thus, when a product would live up to its years it would merely be thrown out. The junk thrown out by each and every individual at an unprecedented rate has resulted in a massive junk collection world over. Hazardous emissions from many of these are depleting the

Is technology an invasion of privacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Is technology an invasion of privacy - Essay Example The development of science in equipping the authority with methods of spying is not expected to end with wiretapping. Brand eisprescient and haunting words evidently apply nowadays, as the mark between science fiction and science is incessantly redrawn. This paper will show how technology is an invasion of privacy. Contemporary technologies for amassing personal information that surpass the physical, freedom enhancing restrictions of the ancient means are relentlessly appearing. They prod more deeply, extensively and quietly than traditional techniques, transcending obstructions (whether distance, walls, darkness, time or skin) that historically sheltered personal data. The boundaries that have defined as well as given authenticity to social groups, systems and the individual are progressively permeable lacking special validity. The influence of private and governmental organizations to coerce disclosure (whether centered on circumstance, technology, or law) and to collect, analyze a nd disseminate personal data is growing swiftly(Lyon& Zureik 45).The world is converting into a transparent community of record in that documentation of the history, present identity, location, physiological and communication, and psychological behavior and states is more and more possible through technology, and people’s privacy is no longer private. With extrapolative DNA and profiles, there are even alleges to being able to see individual futures. Collection of information often ensues invisibly, remote and automatically-being fabricated into routine undertakings. Awareness and unpretentious approval on the involvement of the individual might be lacking. The extent of personal data collected is increasing. Fresh technologies hold the capacity to disclose the unknown, unseen, withheld or forgotten. Like the unconscious or the atom discovery, they reveal tads of reality, which were previously concealed, or did not encompass informational clues. Individuals are in a way turne d inside out (Foucault 23). To be living as well as a social individual is to give off inevitably signals of continuous information-whether into the mode of heat, motion, pressure, brain waves, cells, perspiration, olifacteurs, sound, garbage, or waste matter, and more acquainted forms, for instance, visible behavior and communication. These fragments are awarded new connotation by modern surveillance technologies, thereby invading peoples’ privacy. In a value-added, hotchpotch process, machines (regularly with only a slight aid from their support system) may discover significance in combining and surfacing heretofore futile data (Lyon& Zureik 45).The proportion of what persons know concerning themselves (or are able to know) vs. what experts and outsiders can know about them has budged away from the person. Data in varied forms from extensively separated geographical regions, establishments and times can be certainly merged and examined. In comparatively unrestrained fashion , fresh (and old) establishments are capturing, merging and vending this data, or placing it to unique internal usages (Laudon 90). Technology is an invasion of privacy through the fresh information technologies that encompasses larger issues concerning the multifaceted inter-relations of society and technology;

No definition of a miracle is adequate Essay Example for Free

No definition of a miracle is adequate Essay Many philosophers have attempted to define what exactly constitutes a miracle in a number of ways outlining definitions which contain the criteria for what phenomena can be counted as miraculous. Whether a definition is adequate seems highly subjective but will likely be one that is acceptable by non-Christians as well as Christians who in all probability will want a definition that accepts many of the miracle in the Bible to indeed be miraculous. Mackie’s definition of miracles describing them as events that occur when the world is not left alone and is intruded by something that is not part of the natural order necessitates that miracles are caused by a supernatural entity which may be considered to be God. This appears to suggest that his definition would indeed be adequate for some Christians given that it sets apart miracles from coincidences turning them into occurrences which could provide evidence for their faith. Moreover it allows a more specific idea of what constitutes a miracles disallowing events with an entirely naturalistic explanation maintaining them as unique events. However, Hick likely would criticise Mackie’s arguments for not be adequate given the ambiguity of what the natural order and the laws that govern it are. Hick suggested that laws were generalisations that are formed after events have happened, suggesting that that the natural order couldn’t be intruded upon. Also it may be that what is perceived to be an intrusion by something outside of the natural order is actually just a lack of understanding of the natural order on our part. This means that though an event such as the Moon Landing would have been defined as inadequate centuries ago, today it would not. This undermines the adequacy of the definition given that what it encompasses will change with time. A further issue with the adequacy of Mackie’s definition is that it could be argued to not be sufficiently specific given that it makes no attempt to define what exactly constitutes something distinct from the natural order, and it may in fact not be God. This would undermine its adequacy for Christians who believe that God is responsible for causing miracles and may not accept they are caused by other beings. Swinburne’s definition of a miracle appears to resolve this issue defining miracles as a violation of a law of nature by a god (a very powerful rational being who is not a material object). That said, the requirement for God to intervene in the world poses a number of challenges to Swinburnes’ definition especially given that God’s need to intervene in his creation contradicts the idea that he is an all powerful being if the world requires changes. Additionally philosophers like Wiles would argue that if God has the ability to intervene in the world in order to perform miracles in certain instances then his failure to prevent evil and suffering in the world undermines his characteristic of omni-benevolence. For this reason a definition that requires God’s intervention to cause miracles may be inadequate given the contradictions that would occur if such an event happened. On the other hand, many Christians do accept that God intervenes in the world and if so this definition of miracles may indeed be adequate also determining whether God is responsible for an event may be impossible as it may just be due to limited understanding of events. Additionally, Swinburne’s definition is undermined by Hick’s challenge arguably even more so than Mackies given his explicit use of the term ‘natural laws’ and also would likely be subject to change as understanding changes. Holland’s definition of miracles appears to avoid the contractions associated with Swinburne and Mackie’s explanations not requiring the physical intervention of God suggesting from the outset that it may be more adequate. This is because Holland only requires miracles to be an extraordinary coincidence of a beneficial nature interpreted religiously. The emphasis on interpretation also removes the difficulties associated with determining the cause of the miracle while still encompassing Biblical miracles. However it would likely be criticised for being too subjective given that different people would differ on whether the same event is miraculous. Additionally the Catholic church which usually requires a person to have performed at least two miracles in order to be Canonized as a saint would likely not accept miracles as defined by Holland as they only accept events without naturalistic explanation suggesting the definition is inadequate for how the term miracle is used by some Christian denominations. In conclusion, it seems probable that no definition of miracles is adequate given that although Swinburne and Mackie’s definition of miracles may encompass many of the instances of how miracles are used, they are undermined by the difficulty in determining natural laws and also whether God physically intervened. Likewise while Holland goes some way to avoiding these contradictions in his definition it remains highly subjective and also doesn’t reflect how miracles are used in Christianity. Additionally it will likely also lead to significant differences between what people consider miracles. Moreover, the existence of so many contrasting definitions of miracles suggests that there isn’t a single definition that is adequate given that there is no consensus on what makes an event miraculous so any definition will be subject to significant disagreement. For this reason the statement that no definition of miracle is adequate can be considered to be true.

Rama in Ramayana Essay Example for Free

Rama in Ramayana Essay In the epic story of Ramayana, one of the cornerstones of the story is the part where Rama attempts to rescue Sita. In the story, Rama is considered the most heroic among all the characters precisely because of his devotion to the rules of dharma. Even during the times when still he was small, Rama was considered to be the perfect son, up to the point when he married Sita thereby considering him further as the perfect husband. More importantly, Rama gladly and willingly accepted the order of his father, king Dasharatha, to abandon the kingdom and be banished, hence removing him from the position as heir to the throne.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The poignant part of the story where Rama’s knowledge and perception are further enriched is the part where he encountered Ravana who followed him in the forest. Ravana is the younger brother of Rama who was enthroned as the king of Ayodhya after Rama was banished from the kingdom. The encounter highlighted the capacity of Rama to understand the human situation that swirled around him and his family by understanding the sentiment of Ravana. Ravana very well understood that Rama is the rightful ruler as king of Ayodhya, and after following Rama to the forest, Ravana told Rama that until the day Rama returns, Ravana will instead place the sandals of Rama on the throne as a sign of respect and as a sign that Rama is the actual ruler of the kingdom. That was one way for Ravana to signify that he is simply the ‘caretaker’ of the throne while Rama, the rightful ruler, is away.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Rama’s encounter with Ravana in the forest signifies that even though he willingly accepted the banishment that was imposed upon him by his father, he was still willing to face the larger responsibility of serving his people as their king. That goes to show that Rama was willing to face both ends of the situation, or that he was willing to face any situation that he is confronted with. That is so because, having lived with the rules of dharma, Rama very well knows the consequences that awaited his every decision. This time around, his decision to return as the king of Ayodhya can be said as part of his responsibility as the eldest son of the king, hence the rightful ruler, and part of his realization that the kindness of Ravana begets his kindness to accept not only the fact that he is the rightful king but also the willingness of Ravana to bequeath Rama his rightful position in the kingdom.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Eventually, Rama willingly accepted the offer of Ravana which is not only a sign of respect to an offer which is rightfully his but is also a sign of accepting the propensity of having to rule an entire kingdom under his watch. Quite apart from the fact that accepting such a huge responsibility requires determination and the capacity to lead, it also requires the ability to follow. That ability to follow has been undoubtedly manifested by Rama not only during the time when he accepted his fate to be banished but also during the time when Ravana met with him. That occasion is the time when Ravana made Rama the offer which he followed with all his heart. Rama’s decision best exemplified his capacity to follow without hesitation and confusion on his part precisely because of the wisdom that he possesses due to his strict adherence to the rules of dharma.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In essence, the encounter of Rama with Ravana in the forest is one of the many scenes in the story which shows the enrichment of the knowledge of Rama as well as the formation of his character throughout the story. It brings into mind his capacity to lead by example and to follow the things which he indeed should rightfully follow. It drives home the point that Rama is all the more worthy of being adored by his people because of the virtues which he possesses and of being exalted as a ruler who very well understands the rules and teachings of the dharma. Reference Pollock, S. (1993). Ramayana and Political Imagination in India. The Journal of Asian Studies, 52(2), 262.

Information Technology Advantages and Disadvantages

Information Technology Advantages and Disadvantages The importance of Information Technology The importance of technology comes from that Technology has an important impact on innovation and the development of societies and economies. This impact can be observed in three steps. The first step is substitution, new technology substitutes for the old. For example, consumers start substituting their fixed telephone lines with mobile telephones. The second step is the diffusion, when adopting the new technology is widely across society because it is law cost or better or more effective than the previous technology. The final step is transformation when the new technology ways start working and emerging because the new technology is diffused so widely in society. For example, the widespread adoption of the networking has led to interesting innovations in the communication patterns of individuals such as executives conducting business while waiting in airport lounges or traveling in trains.( DUTTA MIA , 2001)World Economic Forum. ICT offers more opportunities for economic development and plays very important role in international competitiveness, rapid economic change, and productive capacity of improvements for developing countries. ICTs offer the developing countries many opportunities, as it has done in the developed world, when it created unprecedented possibilities for them. Studies have emphasized that there is evidence of a strong linkage between GDP growth and ICT investment showing the importance of ICT investment for development. According to an OECD research project, which was conducted in the year 2002, there is an impact of ICT on the economy. In addition, in the GDP growth per capita, ICT investment accounted for between 0.5% and 1.3% (Nodu, 2004). Also, Organizations have increased their investment in information technology IT for planning in order to increase the efficiency of their business processes. Support management decision making and improve productivity. So IT become important tool to attaining competitive advantage for the organization and improves employees productivity and efficiency (Kim Lee Law, 2007) Besides, Many researches investigate the relation between IT investment and increase the productivity and the performance in the companies one of these studies (sircar et al, 2000) which found several organization success with the spending on the IT but others were failed. (Agarwal karahanna, 2000) argue in this result that IT investment will be successful when IT utilized by the organization intended user in the way contribute to the strategy and the goals of the firms. Thus user acceptance is the key for the successes of the IT investment (Darsono, 2005). Also, for more than two decades information technology has been the focus for researcher in information system this is because IT considers as the key to lead the organization for the good performance so many researches focus in the initial usage for IT or continuous usage foe IT (Premkumar Bhattacherjee, 2005). The advantages and disadvantages from adopting information technology (brien maracas, 2008, management information system, edition 8, chapter 1, p55) the advantages (for strategy advantage). Information technology uses to support the competitive strategy in helping the companies to reduce the costs of the company to give special offer for its products and services and give better care about customers and suppliers and to develop unions among the company and the company with the environment around the company and increase the virtue of its investment in IT resources. By using the information technology the organization or the companies will be able to develop the value of its business through out making the customer value the focus of its strategy which is to keep track of its customers preferences to supply its products and services anytime anywhere by using the internet or intranet and extranet(e-commerce websites). A lot of organizations/companies use information technology and internet to reengineering its business process because information technology can make integration for the organization to work for the same goal of the organization and this improves the design of the work flows or the requirements of the job even the organization structures even improve the efficiency and the effectiveness. Information technology provides the communication and the information required for the managers in order to manage the different activities within the organization and the resources from the partners to get the advantage from the changes in the market environment. Information technology can support the organization competitive strategy by making the organization as the knowledge creating to make innovation by creating its process style or product and service for its work or learning organization by doing similar in what the another companies created by using the internet to get the knowledge that it needs. The disadvantages Some disadvantages of information technology include: Unemployment While information technology may have streamlined the business process it has also crated job redundancies, downsizing and outsourcing. This means that a lot of lower and middle level jobs have been done away with causing more people to become unemployed. Privacy Though information technology may have made communication quicker, easier and more convenient, it has also bought along privacy issues. From cell phone signal interceptions to email hacking, people are now worried about their once private information becoming public knowledge. Lack of job security Industry experts believe that the internet has made job security a big issue as since technology keeps on changing with each day. This means that one has to be in a constant learning mode, if he or she wishes for their job to be secure. Dominant culture While information technology may have made the world a global village, it has also contributed to one culture dominating another weaker one. For example it is now argued that US influences how most young teenagers all over the world now act, dress and behave. Languages too have become overshadowed, with English becoming the primary mode of communication for business and everything else (http://www.smallbusinessbible.org/advan_disadvan_informationtechnology.html# 3/4/2009 5:10am). Lecture review Behavior intention According to (Davis , 1989: Kiraz Ozdemir, 2006: Hwang Y. Yi, 2002: Phau Gan, 2000)The technology acceptance model TAM consists of four main factors as major determinants of technology acceptance these factors are perceived ease of use, Perceived usefulness, the attitudes toward the usage and the frequency of use of technology. That means if people want to accept or reject any specific technology they should increase users believes that this technology will help them do their work better and this refer to perceived usefulness and extend their believes in that the system is ease of use and the benefit is more than the effort from the use for this technology. In another wards, If the users perceive easy of use from that technology and perceive usefulness from the technology for their work purposes .that means, there are Positive attitudes toward the technology usage n have a positive relation with the behavior intention to use the technology. Therefore, (Chang, 2004) was conducted The study which purposed to explore the validity of the extension of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) based on social and facilitating as main factors to predict intranet/portal usage because those factors are most dominant in the educational environment. The study found that there was strong positive relation among Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and users attitudes towards the intranet. And the Attitude has strong relation with the user intention to use. And the intention to behave had a strong relation with the actual usage this conform the positive significant relation in TAM and its constructs are to predicting the user acceptance of the intranet/portal. Even there are relation between experience and perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Even experience is a stronger predictor for perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness than age does. So, Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) which created by (Davis Bagozzi Warshaw, 1989; Davis et al., 1989) Studied some important factors affecting in the use of the information technology. the TAM explained how the behavior intention to use the technology effected by one basic factor to cause the actual use for the new system, therefore the behavior intention to use the technology is the merely or only determined related to actual use for the system, beside that the latest studies confirmed that the behavior intention to use the technology is the merely mediated factor. In another words, the TAM explains attitude factors affecting the behavior intention to use with putting the focus on the attitudes as a factor to use the technology (Kiraz Ozdemir, 2006). And in contrast that, the attitude not the only the factor who is affecting on the behavior intention to use but there are another factors can affect the behavior intention to use as in the study was conducted by (Gong Xu Yu, 2004) which aimed to identify additional determinants factors for the technology acceptance in the education sector. The study found that there are direct and indirect significant effect for perceived usefulness on the behavior intention to use the system and this effect is strong on the behavior intention to use more than the effect on the attitudes and the attitude was formed by perceived usefulness. Beside, that perceived ease of use has effect on perceived usefulness and the attitudes of the users but the effect on the attitudes was not significant this due to the combination of the factors like organization, subjects and the technology or due to the users have one month experience and they need to use the system easier and free of effort .and self-efficacy has strong direct effect on intention to use and perceived ease of use but on ease of use more effect than intention to behavior. Another study was conducted to confirm that intention to behavior is determined the actual behavior by (Aversano, 2005) which purposed to explore why some people refuse to use the mobile telephone in USA. The study used the theory of Ajzen to give exploration of human behavior to understanding a persons actions in behavior like social attitude and personality trait it considered as important to explain human behavior. And the study used TPB to confirm that intention to behavior is determined the actual behavior. And there are three factors predicting the Intention to behavior are attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavior control as same as TRA with focus in the important of the intention to behavior with the adoption for the technology. Even the study used the TAM2 which explains perceived usefulness in terms of cognitive and social influence processes. (Aversano, 2005) was conducted the study which purposed to explore why some people refuse to use the mobile telephone in USA. The study used the theory of Ajzen to give exploration of human behavior to understanding a persons actions in behavior like social attitude and personality trait it considered as important to explain human behavior. And the study used TPB to confirm that intention to behavior is determined the actual behavior. And there are three factors predicting the Intention to behavior are attitude, subjective norms and perceived behavior control as same as TRA with focus in the important of the intention to behavior with the adoption for the technology. Even the study used the TAM2 which explains perceived usefulness in terms of cognitive and social influence processes. Moreover, in the latest studies, like the study was conducted by (Hwang Yi, 2002) in the intrinsic motivation and computer self-efficacy research to Technology Acceptance Model in order to predict the use of web-based information systems. The study found that behavioral intention and self-efficacy have a significant effect on actual use. Even perceived enjoyment and self-efficacy were significant determinants of ease of use. Even was found that self-efficacy was a strong determinant for ease of use and actual use. The study supported all the relations were purposed in the technology acceptance model. Even the studies (Klloppiing McKiinneyy, 2004: Jones S. Hubona, 2005) support that relation. Also, the study was conducted by (Jones Hubona, 2005) which aimed to determine the effect of staff seniority, age, and education level on usage behavior. The study supported all TAM construction. Even Education level would directly affect actual usage behavior besides effect on perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. But in contrast, the study was conducted by (Al Mutairi, 2007) which goaled to examine TAM applicability in Kuwait ministries. The study finding did not support the relationship between the variables as were in TAM. In another ward, the study didnt find relation between ease of use and usefulness this in one hand and in the other hand there is no relation between ease of use and usefulness with actual usage. And the study mention that maybe because the differences in the national cultural, public organization context, dependent variables nature. Also, in the study was conducted by (Chismar Patton, 2002) which made among the physicians to examines their intention to adopt Internet-based health applications by using the applicability of the (TAM2). The study found that the strong determinant for intention to use was perceived usefulness. Intention to use by physicians was explained by the effects of usefulness and output quality. And the relation between perceived usefulness and intention to use was significant, whereas image, subjective norm and perceived ease of use were not significant. And that due to that physicians have high level of adaptability, cognitive capacity and intellectual, they comprehend faster than the normal people for new technologies. And they are willing to adopt information technology that has beneficial applications even if it not easy to use. Attitudes and Believes According to (Davis , 1989: Kiraz Ozdemir, 2006: Hwang Y. Yi, 2002: Phau Gan, 2000)The technology acceptance model TAM consists of four main factors as major determinants of technology acceptance these factors are perceived ease of use, Perceived usefulness, the attitudes toward the usage and the frequency of use of technology. That means if people want to accept or reject any specific technology they should set up their attitudes by increase users believes that this technology will help them do their work better and this refer to perceived usefulness and extend their believes in that the system is ease of use and the benefit is more than the effort from the use for this technology. In another wards, If the users perceive easy of use from that technology and perceive usefulness from the technology for their work purposes .that means, there are Positive attitudes toward the technology usage n have a positive relation with the behavior intention to use the technology. Therefore, in order to put spotlight in the important of mediating the attitudes for the relation between the beliefs and the actual usage for the technology (Chang, 2004) conducted The study which purposed to explore the validity of the extension of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) based on social and facilitating as main factors to predict intranet/portal usage because those factors are most dominant in the educational environment. The found were that there was strong positive relation among Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use and users attitudes towards the intranet. And the Attitude has strong relation with the user intention to use. And the intention to behave had a strong relation with the actual usage this conform the positive significant relation in TAM and its constructs are to predicting the user acceptance of the intranet/portal. Even there are relation between experience and perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. Even experience is a stronger predictor f or perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness than age does. Also, the study was conducted by (algahtani, 2004) which aimed for more understanding of the acceptance for the technology in different cultures. The study found that there is strong support for the effect of the attitude in the behavior to use the computer and satisfaction. Even though this was supported in the study was conducted In Malaysia by (Mohd Syed-Mohamad Zaini, 2005) to identify the relation between information quality and the acceptance of doctors for Electronic Medical Record System (EMR) in one of Malaysian hospital. The study found that the information quality has significant relationship with perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use .even the perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use have significant relationship with attitude of using EMR system. Moreover, the user acceptance factor Information Quality has significant relationship with attitude of using EMR system through out easy of use and usefulness. The study conducted by (Gong Xu Yu, 2004) which aimed to identify additional determinants for the technology acceptance in the education sector. The study found that there are direct and indirect significant effect for perceived usefulness on the behavior intention to use the system and this effect is strong on the behavior intention to use more than the effect on the attitudes and the attitude was formed by perceived usefulness. Beside, that perceived ease of use has effect on perceived usefulness and the attitudes of the users but the effect on the attitudes was not significant this due to the combination of the factors like organization, subjects and the technology or due to the users have one month experience and they need to use the system easier and free of effort .and self-efficacy has strong direct effect on intention to use and perceived ease of use but on ease of use more effect than intention to behavior. In contrast to The study conducted by (Gong Xu Yu, 2004), The study was conducted by (Yang, 2007) which Focus on the time in the affect of perceived usefulness and ease of use on the attitudes, which aimed to study the usage of the technology acceptance model for doing another examination of the relationships between students attitude toward the use of WebCT and the determinants of the actual usage in light of social presence and sociability. the study found that The perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use was supported by self-efficacy, but more strong to the ease of use and both perceived usefulness and ease of use support the attitude toward the actual usage this was in the first test for the relation and in the second test was found that the subjective norms was negative value to the social presence and the actual use but lower support for the actual use. The study focuses on the time which makes the effects of the variable in the attitude. Which means perceived usefulness directly changed by times after use the system. And the study was conducted by (Yalcinkaya B.A M.S, 2007) to investigate the acceptance for the police officer for the POLNET system in Turkish. The study found that Perceived ease of use has a positive effect on attitude and intentions to use the system. And the study considers that the variable ease of use considered the main factor effecting in the attitude toward behavior attention to actual usage. This Result supported the result for the last study by (Venkatesh Davis, 2000) which conformed that perceived ease of use is strongly related to the system usage. Beside that the study found that there is positive affect for Perceived ease of use on perceived usefulness of police Officers using the system. In another ward, those police officers preferred to use the system because its easy to use. And the same for Perceived usefulness has a positive effect on the attitude and has a strongly effect on Attitude and Intention to Use the information technology, the study mentioned that T urkish police officers using the system because they perceive the system is useful. Hence, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use are very strong predictive factors on attitude and intention to use the system. From the pervious two studies, both studies (Yang, 2007: Yalcinkaya B.A M.S, 2007) confirm that perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness affect on the attitude which in the same time attitude affect on the behavior intention to use toward the actual use for the technology. Regardless the stronger affect on the attitude. The study conducted by(Ahn Ryu Han, 2007)which its goal to investigated the playfulness effect ion on user acceptance of online retailing , tested factors of Web quality and the relationship between those factors and user acceptance behavior. The study found that there are significant between playfulness and attitude and behavior intention to use. Even there is significant and influences for service quality, perceived strengths of system and information on playfulness, usefulness, and perceived ease of use. Even there are significant for System quality influence on usefulness, ease of use and playfulness. Even Information quality had significant influenced on usefulness, ease of use and playfulness. Service quality had significant influence on playfulness, ease of use and usefulness. Besides that Playfulness considered an important factor affecting the attitude and intention to use online retailing users. In contrast, to the study conducted by (Kiraz Ozdemir , 2006) which target the utilization of technology integration in the classroom focused on educational ideology, a factor not related to technology that also affects decisions in terms of educational applications. The study found that there is a direct effect of perceived usefulness on the actual use, and there is also a direct affect of perceived ease of use on attitudes. Besides, this study showed that attitudes towards the usage effected by perceived usefulness, and there is no significant effect of attitude towards usage and the actual use, this contrast the result in (TAM).Also, the study shows that there is no significant relationship between perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. In another wards, there is a strong positive relationship between pre-service teachers perceived ease of use of educational technology and their attitudes toward use. The study mentioned that all of the ideologies were mentioned have effe cts on attitudes toward use. Moreover, educational anarchism, educational libertinism, and educational intellectualism have an effect on the perceived usefulness of technology. Both studies show that there is affect for perceived ease of use and usefulness on the attitude towards the behavior intention to use toward the use of the technology. Perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness It is important to understand that the perceived usefulness and the perceived ease of use of the technology are not formed solely by the usefulness and ease of use of the technology. According to the study was conducted by (Park Brien Caine Rogers Fisk Ittersum Capar Parsons, 2006) which aimed to identify variables that can provide more understanding for technology acceptance. The study mentioned that there are many variables affecting the technology acceptance like technology characteristics, organization characteristics, subjective norm, User characteristics all interacted with the acceptance through out a positive effect on perceived usefulness. Beside that, the study was conducted by (Kishore Lee McLean, 2001) which used social cognitive theory (SCT), computer self-efficacy (CSE), technology acceptance model (TAM), the risk management, personal general innovativeness and specific computer self-efficacy to extend TAM. The study was mentioned that perceived usefulness and ease of use were granted as the main factors effecting in the actual usage. Also, the study was conducted by (goeke, 2006) which aimed to examine the effects of experience and expertise on the actual use for the data warehouse by using TAM. The study found that perceived usefulness and ease of use had significant effect on the usage for the technology and the usefulness stronger in the effect then ease of use. Even there is direct effect for the usefulness in the actual usage for the system. Also found there is direct effect for ease of use on perceived usefulness. And there is positive effect for the external variable on both perceived usefulness and ease of use. The result from (goeke, 2006) was supported in the study was conducted by (Brown, 2002) which aimed to examine perceived ease of use for the technology web-based in learning environment in developing country not developed country. And the finding was that the study confirms TAM relations that ease of use predicts the usefulness and the actual usage but usefulness doesnt predict the actual usage. besides, there are significant influences for self-efficacy and ease of finding and ease of understanding on perceived ease of use and ease of understanding more influences than ease of finding on perceived ease of use and the self-efficacy is the strongest influences on the ease of use but computer anxiety was the fewer influences. Inconsistent with prior research (Bani-Ali Money, 2005) the effect of ease of use is lower than other proposed factors. A possible explanation is that users level of experience with new software may influence the relative importance of system ease of use. Despite, the study which contacted by (Hasan Ali, 2006) to distinguished between general, system-specific CSE and examines the effects of both levels of CSE on two key training outcomes: reactions and learning performance. Reactions were examined with respect to perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness. The findings were that general CSE had significant effects on perceived ease of use and far-transfer learning. Even the study found that GCSE demonstrated a non-significant positive effect on perceived usefulness. On the other hand, SCSE exhibited a non-significant negative effect on perceived usefulness this because study were measured two weeks after training. Also, The Study was conducted by (Saeed Helm, 2008) which proposes that perceived usefulness affected by information quality and system integration which will then drive post adoption usage of the IS. The study findings support that system integration and information quality are significant predictors for usefulness, even usefulness positively and significantly relates to extended usage and exploratory usage. The Study mentioned that perceived usefulness affects the initial acceptance of IS, that means, there is a stronger relation between exploratory usage and usefulness. More over, the study was conducted by (Gyampah Salam, 2003) which aimed to examine ERP training and ERP project communication, will affect the TAM variables only through the psychological variable-shared beliefs in the perceived benefits of the ERP system. The study found that perceived usefulness is the important factor affecting in the beliefs to make positive attitudes towards the system. Even that the study supports that perceived ease of use not affect attitude towards using particular system. This supports others studies that show that perceived ease of use does not have a significant on attitude in the usage for the system. Even was found that training has important and significant positive influences on the shared beliefs in the benefits of the system and shared beliefs influence both the perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use of the system through out affect attitude, which in turn affects intention to behavior. Study confirms that communication with effective train ing affect the core TAM variables. And the training on the system has significant affect on perceived ease of use. Besides that, the study was conducted by (Yi Hwang, 2003) in the intrinsic motivation and computer self-efficacy research to Technology Acceptance Model in order to predict the use of web-based information systems. It found that behavioral intention and self-efficacy have a significant effect on actual use. Even perceived enjoyment and self-efficacy were significant determinants of ease of use. Even was found that self-efficacy was a strong determinant for ease of use and actual use. The study supported all the relations were purposed in the technology acceptance model. Even the studies (Klloppiing McKiinneyy, 2004: Jones S. Hubona, 2005) support that too. Perceived usefulness and playfulness considered as importance from the inexperienced e-commerce shoppers prospective. That means sites playfulness is essential to perceptions of usefulness, while for more experienced e-commerce shoppers, the perceived usefulness of the site can be evident independent of its playfulness, that was proved in the study was conducted by (Klopping McKinney, 2006) which conducted to examines the role of experience on consumers intentions to shop online. The study found that experience has direct and indirect effects on intention to use e-commerce, and there are moderating effects on perceived usefulness, playfulness, and self efficacy to intention to use e-commerce. Besides, there is a significant difference in the relationship of playfulness on perceived usefulness between inexperienced e-commerce shoppers and experienced e-commerce shoppers. Even, in the study was conducted by(T-Pikkarainen K-Pikkarainen Karjaluoto Pahnila ,2004) which aimed to increase the understanding of the factors that influence online banking acceptance from the technology acceptance model (TAM) prospective and to study consumer acceptance of online banking in Finland . it found that Perceived usefulness, Perceived ease of use, perceived enjoyment, information on online banking, and security and privacy have an impact on the acceptance of online banking and Perceived usefulness and the amount of information on online banking the most factors influence the use of online banking services. And found that Perceived usefulness was more than Perceived ease of use effective in explaining technology acceptance. There is significant in the relation between perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use for accepting the technology, that was supported by (Almutairi, 2007) which aim to test the applicability of the technology acceptance model (TAM) in Kuwaiti ministries in order to understand the information technology in the government utilities, that also was supported in The study conducted by (Singletary Akbulut Houston, 2002) which purposed to identify factors that effect the acceptance of high school students for software application when the initial use of the application is mandatory. The finding was that there are positive relationships between perceived usefulness, ease of use and innovative usage behavior and there is a positive relationship between perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. The study was conducted by (Venkatesh Morris, 2000) which aimed to investigated gender differences in the context of individual adoption and the study conformed technology usage in the workplace by using technology acceptance model. The study found that There is a difference between women and men in that men perceived usefulness to a greater longitudinal than women in using a new technology. And perceived ease of use was more important to women compared with men after basic training and by the time with more experience in using the system that make not significant and not affect on the intention to use the system. But for women ease of use consider the important to affect the intention to use the system. Individual differences Individual acceptance for IT becomes an issue for resea

Research Comparison Paper -- Health, Diseases, Depression

INTRODUCTION Overview Depression is when a person’s feelings of sadness and worthlessness control how they handle daily activities and relationships (National Institute of Mental Health 2009). This illness is something that most people need to be treated for (National Institute of Mental Health 2009). In the study Quality of Life in Depression, several patients are looked at to see what their quality of life is with depression. One of the aspects that the study found about depression is that even after people are treated for depression the person may still ridding themselves of the illness completely (Ay-Woan et al 2005). With depression being so prevalent in society today there is a need for more treatments. There are many different types of treatments offered to people with this illness. Since not every treatment works for everyone there is a need for a variety of solutions. Some of the treatments involve pharmaceutical drugs and others involve psychological treatment. There has controversy as to which treatment works better. This paper compares one type of pharmaceutical treatment and one psychological treatment. Background In order to explain the different treatments there needs to be some key terms defined. First, a neurotransmitter is a â€Å"chemical by which a nerve cell communicates with another nerve cell or with a muscle† (Collins English Dictionary 2009). This is important because this is affected by serotonin. Serotonin is a chemical in the brain that helps maintain sleeping, eating, and mood patterns (Carlson 2001). This chemical is transported by neurotransmitters in the brain. If a person’s serotonin levels are down it can disrupt their daily activities. Serotonin levels are not the only causes of depression. Fluo... ...ent people. If the author had to choose, it would have to be the Cognitive Behavioral Therapy because it has more positive aspects then Prozac. When looking closely at both treatments Prozac has many downfalls. With Prozac there are many side effects to taking the pharmaceutical drug. There is a long list of the different ways Prozac can negatively affect the human body. Drowsiness, nausea, nervousness, skin rashes, sexual dysfunction, and insomnia can all be avoided if a person would not take them. There is still the argument that people cannot change the chemicals in their brain with just therapy. The author believes that if a person can help taking the medications, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy would be a much better, safer choice. The only side effect to Cognitive Behavioral Therapy is the treatment not working and all the person would lose is there time.

Essay --

As I packed up my belongings from my dorm at the end of my freshman year in college, I remember feeling indifferent about summer. Although most people would be happy knowing they were not going to summer school, I had gotten accustomed to this routine. As far back as I can remember, each summer was spent in school or some form of tutoring program; not as a result of my poor grades but to stay ahead. I finally had a summer free, and I was uncertain what to do. Not wanting to waste away my summer idly, I set out to make my summer productive and obtained an internship position at my local health department. Undoubtedly this has been one of two main experiences highly influential in leading me to pursue my Masters in Public Health. Interning at the health department was my formal introduction to public health. It quickly became apparent how predominant and ubiquitous the practices of public health are in our everyday lives. I also gained a better understanding as to how critical public health is to the entire healthcare system; specifically how research and practice in the areas of community needs can make notable impacts. Working mainly in the nurse's clinic and birth and death records, I occasionally got the opportunity to help out in other areas such as the Black Infant Health Program. This program specifically caught my attention because of how valuable and requested it was for the African American community. They provided resources to empower and strengthen women throughout their pregnancy. Women were provided with information and classes so that they were informed to make better choices for caring and raising their children, in hopes that it would positively impact future generations. This is particularl y important because ... ... healthcare setting can greatly help gain the support at the community level. I want to be apart of the growing effort in creating an atmosphere that allows dialogue and interest amongst minority groups who are more disproportionately affected by diseases. My desire to pursue a graduate degree in public health is personally driven, and I believe UC Irvine will serve as a vital foundation for obtaining the necessary knowledge and training in my career. With my persistence in the pursuit of knowledge I am confident that I will be able to take full advantage of what the program has to offer so that I too can make meaningful contributions in public health. In order to hone my skills with regards to health, I am currently taking a human anatomy and physiology course through Loyola Marymount University Extension, and I find myself eager to return to full time studies.

Negligence Paper

Negligence Paper Ann Fairvalley University of Phoenix HCS/ 478 Negligence Paper Imagine waking up in the recovery room from being sedated for a procedure in which one of your limbs has been amputated. While in recovery you are in and out of consciousness. Finally after being in recovery for 2 hours you are taken to a step down unit to recover and receive teaching and therapy. After getting settled into bed you gets the guts to throw back you sheets and take a look where there was once a left leg.To your horror your left leg is there and your right leg is not! â€Å"The Joint Commission considers wrong site surgery to be a sentinel events which is defined as â€Å"an unexpected occurrence involving death or serious physical or psychological injury, or the risk thereof. Serious injury specifically includes loss of limb or function† (Dillon. 2008. ). † This was an all too familiar of a situation for one Mr. Joseph Benson a 62-year-old diabetic with circulation problems tha t required a leg amputation.In this paper I plan to explore the legal implications in regards to the differences between negligence, gross negligence and malpractice. I will also explore some rational as to why union problems and/or nursing shortages could have been the cause of this disaster. Lastly I will describe the importance of documentation in regards to potential negligence as if I was the nurse involved with Mr. Benson’s care. I will briefly describe my ethical principles, which would guide this practice and how I would document the case to satisfy ethical and legal requirements. Negligence as defined by Black’s Law Dictionary (1979) and the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO, 2002) is the â€Å"failure to use such care as a reasonably prudent and careful person would use under similar circumstances. † It is the predominant theory of liability in medical malpractice litigation (King, 1986) (Weld. Garmon. Bibb. 2009. ). † During my experience as a surgical nurse working in Obstetrics we used checklists and timeouts to make sure that we followed hospital protocols during our procedures.The checklists were in place to make sure procedures and paperwork was completed in an orderly and prudent manner. We could not continue onto the next step in the checklists until it was crosschecked by another licensed nurse or physician. This was put in place to ensure the patient’s well being and safety was addressed at each step in the checklist. Each one of the JACHO accredited hospitals has a similar checklist in place to ensure the patient’s wellbeing and safety. By having timeouts and checklists this could possibly prevent negligence. Gross negligence means, â€Å"reckless indifference to or a deliberate disregard of the whole body of stockholders† or actions which are â€Å"without the bounds of Reason (Sharfman. 2006. ). † One example of gross negligence would be giving a pa tient a higher dose of a narcotic instead of wasting the unused portion in order to keep the patient quiet and sleeping during a hectic shift. This nurse would have made a conscious decision to heavily sedate her patient against doctor’s orders, which would constitute gross negligence on the part of this nurse in this situation. In the case of Mr.Benson I think the physician could have been found guilty of gross negligence. If the doctor in this case would have followed timeouts and checklists the wrong procedure could have been avoided. â€Å"Barron’s Law Dictionary (1991) defines malpractice as a professional’s improper or immoral conduct in the performance of duties, either intentionally, through carelessness, or through ignorance (Weld. Garmon. Bibb. 2009. ). † The physician in this case could also be found guilty of malpractice. His neglect of professional duty comes in question as to the welfare of Mr.Benson. Did the physician show a lapse of judgme nt in his conduct during the time prior to the actual surgery by not following the procedures and protocols? It was not documented in the article as to the physician’s demeanor or conduct during the actual procedure. I do not have a written account of the scrub nurses or other Operating Room staff testimony as to what actually happened in this Operating Room. It would be speculation on my part to assume the worst of the physician without having all the details before me. I choose to agree with the patient. Mr. Benson was orrified at the outcome of his procedure. I would not matter to me whether the Neighborhood Hospital had nursing shortages or problems with the unions all I would be concerned with is how could this happen and what is the hospital going to do about this mishap. I would contact an attorney who specializes in Malpractice litigation and see what my options were as far as litigation against the hospital and also the physician. I would research about sentinel even ts and JACHO regulations which could further my case against the hospital and physicians who were involved.It is very important to document each and every step and to narrate in written form what happens while the patients are under your care. In the day-to-day world of nursing we have a saying â€Å"If it wasn’t documented it never happened. † I have never forgotten these words. It made a resounding impression on my professional nursing practice. Good, bad or ugly I document what actually happens during my shift and my care of my patients. At times, this includes having to document physicians demeanors, actions or lack of.I have had to document that I made several attempts to reach a physician by phone and left messages on his answering service and voicemails in which he did not return phone calls in a timely manner. It can be very frustrating as a professional nurse when this situation occurs as you are put in a place in which you are against a rock and a hard place. Nonetheless, you have to document to protect yourself and your patients. In conclusion I have defined negligence, gross negligence and malpractice. I have given personal stories of how these terms applied to what I have seen in my professional nursing career.I agreed with Mr. Benson and his position and did not agree with the rationale of the Neighborhood Hospital for the injustice, which happened to Mr. Benson. Lastly I described the importance of documentation in the role of a nursing professional. I would hope that the next time I need a surgery or a minor procedure that I can trust my hospital and the staff to perform as they should, this would include following hospital procedure and protocols as well as follow there professional standards correctly.References Dillon, K. (2008). Time out: an analysis. AORN Journal, 88(3), 437. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Sharfman, B. S. (2006). Being Informed Does Matter: Fine Tuning Gross Negligence Twenty Plus Years After Van Gorkom. Business Lawyer, 62(1), 135-160. Retrieved from EBSCOhost. Weld, K. , & Garmon Bibb, S. (2009). Concept analysis: malpractice and modern-day nursing practice. Nursing Forum, 44(1), 2-10. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.

Ap Literature an Author to Her Book

In Anne Bradstreet’s seventeenth century poem, â€Å"The Author to Her Book† she compares the awareness of nurturing and properly raising a child to the writing and revising of a book. The speaker is caught between conflicting love of her book and shame of its weaknesses, both of which are expressed in the metaphor and in the tone – both expressing the true mammalian nature of her motherhood, ultimately creating a tone of sincerity and loyalty. The sonnet begins with the words, â€Å"Thou ill-formed offspring,† demonstrating? he speaker’s perilous and somewhat despised attitude towards the book. Albeit, the following line shows a polar sense of indebtedness of the book’s blind allegiance with the words: â€Å"Whoafter birth did’st by my side remain. † No matter how terrible the book may be or how negative the reaction of critics, the book will always remain loyal to the author. The metaphorical semblance of a mother simply cemen ts the loyalty of such a bond. However, the binary opposition between love and? disdain continues throughout the poem, and likens to the complex relationship between mother and child.This antagonism between love and hate symbolizes a mother’s cold-heartedness towards a fetus she perhaps did not desire. However, the birth of the child, like the publishing of the book, softens the mother’s heart and she finds comfort in the unquestionable loyalty. The opposition and eventual changing of heart bolsters both sincerity and loyalty, solidifying the poem’s tone. Through the sincere and loyal tone, it becomes apparent that the? speaker herself is proud of her work, but fearful of others’ responses to it.Although she refers to the book as a â€Å"rambling brat† and â€Å"hobbling,† due to the impressions of others, the? tone is of protective sincerity, thus the mother-child metaphor. The? narrator says, â€Å"‘mongst vulgars may’st thou roam,† in reference to the? outside world being ultra-critical of the book and child – purporting a deep sense of motherly protection. This outside world of critics and â€Å"vulgars† cannot penetrate the relationship and love the author has for her book, and, in effect, the bond between mother and child. The fact that the poem is in second person also increases the intimacy of the poem.Even the? line, â€Å"If for thy Father asked, say thou had’st none,† sets the speaker and? her subject apart. No one can break the bond between the two. The metaphorical representation of this bond, along with the tone of trustworthiness and sincerity, fosters the poem’s message. The final two lines of the poem are perhaps the most sincere and therefore strengthen the loyalty between the titular character and her object of affection. The lines: â€Å"And for thy Mother, she alas is poor†¦which caused her thus to send? thee out the door† reads as excuses for sending the? book (and therefore the child) away.The line reads both as charming and telling, for, regardless? of the necessity to publish the book, the fact remains that the speaker has? grown to accept the book for all of its shortcomings and to deem it, finally, fit for light. Using a metaphor of motherly love to describe her relations to her book the speaker establishes the tone and creates sincere and loyal emotions about separation and fear.? Emotions of love, shame, insecurity, devotion, and finally, acceptance all? shine through this metaphor and tone, leaving the reader relating the poets? words to more than just a book.

The Threshold Of Museums Architecture Essay

Altes Museum in Berlin was designed by Karl Friedrich Schinkel in 1830s. They manner is has been done inflected many designers ‘ work. From this edifice, we could experience Schinkel desires to supply the people who lived in or visited his edifices with elusive spacial experiences and see the relationship of constructing with their landscape scenes. He diverted the focal point of architectural concern off from the design of frontages as planar in writing composings and towards thoughts working the three dimensions of infinite together with a 4th that of motion in clip. This implied a richer and more complex construct of architecture, one that was non simply preoccupied with issues of manner and proportion. When you walk into this museum, the first thing you will detect is wide step upwards and 18 ionic columns in lift. Columns are sandwiched between a dais and an entablature. As you climb the wide stairss, you will travel through these ionic columns which form an 87 metres long portico with statues along the side. This is the minute you feel you are non merely the perceiver but a portion of this architecture or a participant in this spacial experience. There are options for farther motion. You could walk through the rotunda which is the bosom of the edifice, and so travel into the galleries. Or you could turn left or right so climb up the stepss to the upper degree straightly ; you could look back through the dual bed of columns to the exterior or into the rotunda. It is a great mediate infinite which connected out-of-door landscape and inside universe. You could literally see through the infinite, smell the fresh air, and experience the hierarchy and transparence of the layout Schinke l carefully arranged. Besides, you could experience you are portion of this experience by being in the spacial passage and connexion. This edifice is non simply a affair of ocular visual aspect and sculptural signifier but is besides an instrument for orchestrating experience, it designed to take people move up and down, inside and outside by stepss, change their position by through columns and degrees. POMPIDOU CENTRE The George Pompidou Centre in Paris built between 1970 and 1977 by the designer Renzo Piano & A ; Richard Rogers. The edifice housed humanistic disciplines, books and modern-day diversion. The site of this undertaking was a monolithic auto park. Rogers and Piano won the competition ; theirs first program is to utilize the half of the infinite available go forthing the remainder as a forecourt. The determination really became the most successful one in the design. The construction of Pompidou Centre is simple and insistent. The designers put the functional parts which would usually be indoors on the exterior of edifice. All the edifice facade covered with glass, which both physiological reaction and shrive the metropolis. Six paseos have been installed on every floors confronting to the forecourt and the metropolis Centre. Outside of the construction frame, the immense escalator was placed which conveyance visitants up to the 5th degree. These two super beds on the frame of the edifice give the visitant a sort of industrial image. Peoples traveling through the transpierced tubing to acquire the floor they want to travel to. It is non merely a edifice with skeletonal volume and supplying sufficient wall construction but besides the immense lattice truss provides the flexibleness. The designers decide to construct a flexible shelter and supply public infinite to wait and see, instead than do a memorial or cultural infinite at the first topographic point. The forecourt is every bit of import as the edifice to people. It is a existent liveable urban infinite in the dense environment. It besides makes the edifice more belong to the metropolis. The forecourt has a soft incline ; force visitants pass the entryway country easy. There is no important separation between the forecourt and the anteroom. The land degree is besides a immense unfastened infinite with no columns, where people could experience the continuity of infinite. The forecourt introduces the Centre and the entryway is the continuity of the metropolis. The forecourt besides exhibits the â€Å" life † of the metropolis, so excessively do th e facades. The paseos is non merely free circulation infinite, they besides reflex the meeting point between the edifice and the metropolis. So the whole facade is accentually a public infinite. Different motion is unrestricted and free in this infinite, from street to the forecourt, the tubing to the paseo. Visitors do non necessitate to pay for traveling into the escalator, for the full experience of the whole sequences. It is so liveable. Although, it is a immense graduated table – about twice high as the environing edifice, but it is non separated from the metropolis. It is the most popular edifice for visitants and locals, and besides became a memorial of the metropolis. Peoples non merely come for the installation but the topographic point and the positions. Tate MODERN Tate Modern is one of the most celebrated national galleries of modern art in London. It seated at the bank side, linked to St Paul ‘s Cathedral by the Millennium Footbridge. It was used to be a Power Station, designed by Sir Giles Gilbert Scott and has been regenerated by Herzog & A ; de Meuron from 1994-2000. The chief entryway located at the west side of the edifice. When you walk near to the edifice from West, foremost, at your left manus side, you will see a green forecourt with black benches linear distributed. At right side, you would happen a incline downwards, about 18-20 metres broad. Walking down gently, you could see the glassy door and drape wall and the mark on top, and people would eventually recognize it is the manner in. The tallness of the door is truly low with rather long extension on the top, so while you go throughing it you could non appreciate to the full vision of the interior right off. The incline does n't halt here but extends down to the interior. The lone different is two metres broad stairss along the right manus side of the incline after go throughing through the glassy door. While you carry on walking down for twosome of stairss, you will all of a sudden acquire full image of the inside – the Turbine Hall, a immense graduated table infinite. The desig ners leave the whole infinite strictly appear to the visitants. Five-storages tall, 3,400 square metres infinite which was housed all the electricity generators of old power station. It is a infinite for specially-commissioned plants by modern-day creative persons. A line drive roof visible radiation dropped from the top, continued down to the back wall. This hall has been compared with the Bibliotheque royale de Paris by Etienne-Louis Boullee, about the similar full-length fanlight and tremendous tallness above, besides the chances for people to look the cardinal country from the side. They want to do the infinite as breezy and easygoing, and expose itself at the get downing instead than art. This is besides a sort of jubilation the designers intend to do before the exhibition. The ramp supports taking you to the response country and the forepart of cardinal step, a upraised black home base which looks like a span cross above. The first options for the visitant is that you could ta ke to travel underneath the upraised country, forwards to the back portion of the turbine hall, to the left where is the major conveyance area- the escalators, or to the upper degree which connected straight to the north entryway and the river bank. However, the river side entryway seems to be more popular than the chief one, largely because it located right to one terminal of the Millennium Bridge which connected with St Paul ‘s Cathedral. So people from north bank could really walk cross the span and acquire into the museum. The other ground likely is because of assorted activates, there are many people traveling along the river bank, besides a nice green country with seats provide infinite to the street performing artists and sellers. The ambiance here is much more liveable comparison to the forecourt of chief entryway. Herzog & A ; de Meuron describe the passage of the entrance as â€Å" the minute of breathless admiration † . The idea if they want to convey the perceiver the feeling of being overawed, of holding to catch one ‘s breath before existent magnificence, they must led them through the oculus of a needle – a tunnel. The incline is little more than a somewhat tightened transcript of the entree incline to the Pompidou Centre, but they extend the incline to twice the length, for at an unexpected point they increase the already huge tallness of the hall by rupturing out the old floor above the basement, to do the over high hall even higher. JEWISH MUSEUM The Jewish Museum in Berlin was built between 1993 and 1998 by the designer Daniel Libeskind. He called his design for the Jewish Museum Berlin â€Å" Between the Lines. † The floor program is shaped like a zigzag line and is intersected by a consecutive line. Empty infinites called nothingnesss extend the tallness of the edifice at the interfaces. The zinc-clad facade is covered by diagonal cuts – the window gaps. Three waies cross on the lower degree: the Axis of Exile, the Axis of the Holocaust, and the Axis of Continuity, Which leads to the museum ‘s upper narratives. Daniel Libeskind said: â€Å" What is of import is the experience you get from it. The reading is unfastened. † As Libeskind said, the experience is the important. It is like a narrative he want to state. The zinc-clad edifice attracted people from distance on the street, but there is no entryway. There is besides no mark stating people where the manner in is. The chief entryway of the museum really located at the old eighteenth century edifice. Peoples have to walk into the bing edifice, pass the response and eventually acquire to the manner into the chief portion. It is a big entryway at right manus side in untreated concrete with crisp angles. It unfastened onto a stairway that alternatively of stairss to the upper floor as it is to be expected in museum, the stairway goes underground. So the visitant of the museum starts from the foundation of the old edifice. But architect reveals the suggestion instantly, if you look up, you see the stairway is really at the really underside of concrete well that without any functional justification pierced the old edifice in every degree. So people coul d see the concrete well from all floors up to the eaves. The concrete tower guards the entryway to underground country that seems first sight to be much simpler so the broken-line surface edifice people seeing from the street. And Daniel thought this is the existent bosom of this undertaking. They are three corridors. The cardinal island means merely two could be seen at a clip. It is impossible to hold overall vision. It is the axis. An axis is a consecutive line about which the portion of the organic structure or system axiomatically arranged. The three axes here represent the three major experiences the Judaic life in old yearss: continuity, expatriate and decease. The visible radiations on the ceiling besides accent the thought of axis. Merely the heterosexual and longest way leads to the chief portion of the museum. It leads to a stairway seems to be rather modest, as walking up, all of a sudden dramatic position reveals. Straight-line stairway keeps traveling up to make the to p floor. Architect frees the infinite with lone one direction- upwards. Great concrete beams stabilized the construction seems have trouble to keep the edifice. There are besides six different form concrete avoids in the edifice, pierced the edifice in every floor. The lone lighting comes from fanlight. The threshold in Jewish Museum is non the infinite we normally could see. In this instance, passage infinite ( the axis, the step, the avoid, the visible radiation ) became the most of import portion to uncover the spirit of this edifice, a narrative which the designer wants to portion with all the visitants. He besides intend to do this edifice non obvious and leave all those intending and concealed force to be explored by the visitants, or more accurately, the participants. CAIXA FORUM Caixa Forum built between 2001 and 2007 in Madrid by the designer Herzog & A ; de Meuron. It is a post-modern art gallery located at the Centre of metropolis. It is housed in a born-again 1899 power station. The designers decided to pulverize the original roof and insides. They cut away the granite base of the brick outside walls, making the semblance that the edifice floats in midair, vibrating over a covered entry place. With the add-on of two upper narratives clad in rusted dramatis personae Fe and two resistance degrees, they doubled the edifice ‘s tallness and increased its size five times to more than 100,000 square pess. In short, the designers have skinned and gutted the construction like an animate being, transforming its tatterdemalion brick shell, four withes thick, into an alien veneer. The basic scheme of the Caixa Forum design is similar to that to raise the edifice up and make a shaded public place underneath. It is because the status of the site is rather compressive, with the narrow back streets inclining upward on one side. To cut off the bottom portion makes the edifice more seeable and accessible from different waies. When you walk from cross street, no affair from forepart or back, the first feeling is a drifting edifice with different colorss and the green wall beside. Take some more stairss ; you will instantly experience the dramatic utilizing of stuff. The unbelievable texture utilizing for the frontage and the pavement, make a alone image. Several beds revealed on it, the covered place made by many triangular panels, the bing portion, the top extension with pierced corroding Fe and the perpendicular green standing by the side. Geting under the covered place, you will happen the environing all of a sudden acquire dark, and see reflecting ceiling which m ade by triangular iron-cast panel, the dynamic infinite with three nucleuss incorporating which back uping the edifice and besides a fountain by the side. These irregular panels are hung from the upper floor slab, go oning to the cardinal entryway – a dramatic coiling entry with crisscrossing exposed fluorescent lamps on top. So people move from the dark and heavy entry plaza up to the entryway could all of a sudden experience the crisp contrast between the two infinites. Another cardinal infinite is the chief star – a white curving bannister of quietly finished concrete. This coiling signifier will take visitants straight up to the top floor cafe where could hold a veiled position of the botanical garden and environing through the perforated dramatis personae Fe. Herzog & A ; de Meuron developed the scheme on impressions of character and montage. It gives each infinite its peculiar animal and experiential personality. They explored it through different belongingss of stuffs and texture, transmutation and decay. It created an immediately recognizable icon from distance that is besides a infinite of fascinating complexness while walking into it. 21th CENTURY MUSEUM OF CONTEMPORARY ART The 21th Century Museum in Kanazawa, Japan built by the designer SANAA between 2000 and 2004. It is located in the centre of metropolis Kanazawa with complex contexts: town hall, public park, opera house, shopping promenade, town hall, kindergarten and residential. Peoples come from many waies for different intents, for that ground, SANAA planned to give the edifice a circuital signifier right from the start. That makes it every bit accessible from all waies, without any differentiation between forepart and back. The edifice has two zones, the museum zone which required admittance tickets, and the socialising zone which is free for public. But they are non wholly separated. The designers want these two zones to be visually linked, divided merely by crystalline acrylic doors and courtyards. The first cardinal component of this edifice is the outer walls. They are made of glass, reflecting the environing landscape. It was designed so that the interior and outside of the edifice overlap visually in the curving glass surface. Besides it offers a 360-degree position of the milieus. At the same clip, SANAA decided to utilize way and courtyard to carve the passage infinite out, left merely the solid – exhibition country. Four major courtyards provide visitor several chances to be exposed to the full to the natural visible radiation. Corridors are like streets, traversing from north to south and east to west, making links with the landscapes outside and indoors. These are besides for the populace to utilize for free, unlike the Pompidou Center which set back to make a square for public, this edifice intend to excavate itself from inside to ask for public as participant. In this edifice, when the motions of the people inside the edifice are seeable from without, the sequence of events becomes a portion of its external visual aspect. The manner they look at events reflects how the designers perceive modern-day state of affairss. They interpret this infinite by making elements of contrast and continuity between the architecture and its scene. They thought transparence has a particular significance in this museum. It is non merely a manner of accomplishing elation, information, openness, and light, or including human motion as a portion of the design. It is about â€Å" the feel of life † . Doctrine A museum is much more than the construction of exhibiting. It could be a physical system of warming and chilling, of illuming and darkening, of traveling and remaining, of preserving and decaying, of detecting and larning. Besides, it is a religious construction of entering and depicting, of concealment and disclosure, of bounding and meeting. However, it is ever a construction for public utilizing ; hence, one of the most of import systems would be come ining and go forthing. We ca n't merely believe about an exhibition room to understand the museum without sing the procedure of passage. This sort of passage infinite is made of sofa, transition, entry, and go outing etc. It could be describe as a system. We could look it separately, but really they ever bound up. We do non comprehend sprit of a museum by exhibits. Peoples coming from different waies gather in the same shelter, take some clip, walking, looking, listening, seating, eating and go forthing. The public presentation is systematically affected by the architecture, the system. The manner of the system operate force us how to execute it in. While we follow the direction to execute it, different human Acts of the Apostless reveal. Ultimately, acts we made make us genuinely perceive and understand the infinite. Neil Leach described the thought of door, is that The door becomes the image of the boundary point at which human existences really ever stand or can stand. The finite integrity, to which we have connected a portion of infinite infinite designated for us, reconnects it to this latter ; in the integrity, the edge and the boundary less adjoint one another, non in the dead geometric signifier of a mere dividing wall, but instead as the possibility of a lasting interchange. In museum, the suites and art objects form merely the container, but it is non all about that shell, the content is formed by the visitants. Without that, it ‘s like a painting merely with dead surface. In this instance, museum is non a private aggregation, an art reappraisal ; it is ever about the populace. That is why we find museum admirable.