Monday, August 19, 2019
College Students and Stress Essay -- Health Nutrition Diet Exercise Es
College Students and Stress    Today a college education can overload students with too many stressful situations. Not only does Stress overload today's college students, but it is also the leading cause of personality disorders. In her essay, Cathy Bell explains that major depressive disorder strikes 5-12% of men and 10-20% of women; half of these people will have more than one occurrence and 15% of them will commit suicide ("Depression for the young"). For instance, many depressives are first recognized and treated during their years in college. For a large amount of people, depression exposes itself because of traumatizing experiences, such as leaving home and/or academic stress. For other students alcohol and drugs become a first time experience.  Now pile on top of all that academic stress, bad eating and sleeping habits with no exercise. Bell makes it known that the average first time sufferer is about 25 years of age, yet depressive disorders seem to be continually rising among teenagers. Suicide is now the third leading cause of deaths between the ages of 15-24 years old ("Depression in the Young"). The Counseling Center for Human Development explains their definition of stress, stress can be defined as the way in which your mind and body react to any situation that is new, threatening or exciting. Often, backaches, loss of appetite, constant fatigue, depression, and serious physical problems can result from prolonged stress.  However stress can also give you an extra burst of energy-more adrenaline enters the bloodstream, heart and breathing rates increase, blood flow quickens, and muscle strength improves. Learning to harness this energy can help you meet the physical challenges, solve problems... ...tp://www.emufam.org/~cmbell/depress/depstud.html Counseling Center for Human Development. Coping with Stress in College. U of South Florida. 3 Dec. 2000. http://usfweb.usf.edu/counsel/self-hlp/stress.htm "Depression: Facts, Definitions, and Statistics." Statistics. Colorado HealthSite. 3 Dec. 2000. http://www.coloradoheakthnet.org/depression/depression_facts.htm Franklin, Donald J., Ph.D. Psychology Information Online. 3 Dec. 2000. http://psychologyinfo.com/deression/causes.html Health Tips for College Students. 14 Jul. 1999. MayoClinic. 3 Dec. 2000. http://www/mayohealth.org/mayo/9609/htm/college.htm Knight, Chris. Personal Interview. 27 Nov. 2000. Posen, David B., MD. "Stress Management for Patient and Physician." The Canadian Journal of Continuing Medical Education. Apr. 1995. 3 Dec. 2000. http://www/mentalhealth.com/mag1/p51-str.html
legal case Essay -- essays research papers
MEMORANDUM INTRODUCTION      You have asked me to determine whether our client Diana Lewis committed unauthorized practice of law by providing her services. I have done research on statutes and cases. This memorandum will address the issue of this case, California Bar’s claim, and Ms. Lewis’s possible defense. STATEMENT OF FACTS      In May 2001, Diana Lewis earned her Associate of Art degree and Paralegal Certificate from City College of San Francisco. In June 2001, Ms. Lewis opened her business to prepare legal paperwork for clients involved in uncontested divorces. She advertises her business in the Daily Journal and the Recorder. She charges no more than $75 for the complete package of paperwork and has assisted 25 clients to date.      Because Ms. Lewis’s clients are not familiar with the legal terminology and some of them are illiterate, Ms. Lewis is compelled to ask questions and hold conferences with them. The day before the client’s court hearing, Ms. Lewis meets with her client to discuss what he or she can expect during the hearing. Ms. Lewis does not accompany the client to the hearing. Diana Lewis has been charged by the California Bar with unauthorized practice of law. ISSUE      Did Ms. Lewis practice law when she provided such legal document service? BRIEF ANSWER      No. California Bar could make a case that Ms. Lewis gave legal advice. But when she helped her clients with â€Å"uncontested†divorce document, she did not give specific advice by which the client’s particular legal rights were secured. She simply helped interpret instructions on preparing the general legal forms at her clients’ request. Such sales and services are legitimate. DISCUSSION In Cal Bus & Prof Code  § 6125, â€Å"[n]o person shall practice law in California unless the person is an active member of the State Bar.†Diana Lewis dose not have law school education and did not pass California Bar Exams. She is not an active member of the State Bar. So she cannot practice law in California. The issue is whether she practiced law. In Cal Bus & Prof Code  § 6400, â€Å"[a] legal document assistant may not provide any kind of advice, explanation, opinion, or recommendation to a consumer about possible legal rights, remedies, defenses... ... of law. In addition it violates Unfair Competition Law at the same time. Walter Moore is similar to Ms. Lewis in that they are both non-lawyers and provided legal document service. Also, they both advertised locally. Walter Moore listed in the phone book under â€Å"Legal Aid†directory. Here we need more details about Ms. Lewis’s advertisement such as the wordings and under what section it was printed. CONCLUSION      California code prohibits Diana Lewis to practice law. The issue is whether Ms. Lewis actually practiced law.      According to the statute and court opinion, the key point is whether a non-lawyer provides advice or prepares legal instruments that would secure the party’s legal rights.      From the fats at hand, I do not see Diana Lewis have provided individual client with specific advice that would affect his or her legal rights. In fact, in the case of â€Å"uncontested†divorce, such practice of legal advice is not usually needed.      Some detail information on Ms. Lewis’s advertisement and her discussion with clients will be needed to help with her defense. legal case Essay -- essays research papers MEMORANDUM INTRODUCTION      You have asked me to determine whether our client Diana Lewis committed unauthorized practice of law by providing her services. I have done research on statutes and cases. This memorandum will address the issue of this case, California Bar’s claim, and Ms. Lewis’s possible defense. STATEMENT OF FACTS      In May 2001, Diana Lewis earned her Associate of Art degree and Paralegal Certificate from City College of San Francisco. In June 2001, Ms. Lewis opened her business to prepare legal paperwork for clients involved in uncontested divorces. She advertises her business in the Daily Journal and the Recorder. She charges no more than $75 for the complete package of paperwork and has assisted 25 clients to date.      Because Ms. Lewis’s clients are not familiar with the legal terminology and some of them are illiterate, Ms. Lewis is compelled to ask questions and hold conferences with them. The day before the client’s court hearing, Ms. Lewis meets with her client to discuss what he or she can expect during the hearing. Ms. Lewis does not accompany the client to the hearing. Diana Lewis has been charged by the California Bar with unauthorized practice of law. ISSUE      Did Ms. Lewis practice law when she provided such legal document service? BRIEF ANSWER      No. California Bar could make a case that Ms. Lewis gave legal advice. But when she helped her clients with â€Å"uncontested†divorce document, she did not give specific advice by which the client’s particular legal rights were secured. She simply helped interpret instructions on preparing the general legal forms at her clients’ request. Such sales and services are legitimate. DISCUSSION In Cal Bus & Prof Code  § 6125, â€Å"[n]o person shall practice law in California unless the person is an active member of the State Bar.†Diana Lewis dose not have law school education and did not pass California Bar Exams. She is not an active member of the State Bar. So she cannot practice law in California. The issue is whether she practiced law. In Cal Bus & Prof Code  § 6400, â€Å"[a] legal document assistant may not provide any kind of advice, explanation, opinion, or recommendation to a consumer about possible legal rights, remedies, defenses... ... of law. In addition it violates Unfair Competition Law at the same time. Walter Moore is similar to Ms. Lewis in that they are both non-lawyers and provided legal document service. Also, they both advertised locally. Walter Moore listed in the phone book under â€Å"Legal Aid†directory. Here we need more details about Ms. Lewis’s advertisement such as the wordings and under what section it was printed. CONCLUSION      California code prohibits Diana Lewis to practice law. The issue is whether Ms. Lewis actually practiced law.      According to the statute and court opinion, the key point is whether a non-lawyer provides advice or prepares legal instruments that would secure the party’s legal rights.      From the fats at hand, I do not see Diana Lewis have provided individual client with specific advice that would affect his or her legal rights. In fact, in the case of â€Å"uncontested†divorce, such practice of legal advice is not usually needed.      Some detail information on Ms. Lewis’s advertisement and her discussion with clients will be needed to help with her defense.
Sunday, August 18, 2019
Art and All in Our Mothers Gardens Essay -- Search Our Mothers Garde
Art and All in Our Mothers' Gardens    Alice Walker uses Virginia Woolf's phrase "contrary instincts" to describe the creative spirit that her female ancestors revive spirit that her female ancestors revered while working and living in oppressive conditions. Her mother had a difficult life, but she managed to keep her creative spirit alive. She held onto what she could in the simplest ways. Where there was a will there was a way.      Walker explains that her mother, though tired and overworked, did express and feed her creative spirit. She planted incredible gardens, and still does, with various blooming plants. She adorned the house with flowers from the garden. Walker likens her mother's garden to magic. Friends and strangers visited the garden regularly and would ask to stand or walk amongst her mother's art. Her mother's garden represents an undying love of beauty and creation, symbolizing the weaving of her creative spirit with nature's hand. Envision the roots in the garden woven together, creating a network of support for the other plants.e other plants.      When Alice Walker went in search of her mother's garden it became a journey about uncovering her own true self. Her mother was her strength and her role model. Walker discovered that she found herself while searching for her heritage, and in the process she excavated her authentic self.      Imagine bla... ...e of art, you must open yours of art, you must open yourself up to the possibility that you might not like what the artist is trying to convey. It's about taking a risk. This is not going to be easy to do. In fact, it will be very hard, but it is a risk we must take. Once you have decided to dismiss something based on first impressions, you are doing yourself a grave disservice. When you decide to take that leap and challenge yourself, you will then understand your truth, without hesitation.  Works Cited Walker, Alice. "In Search of Our Mothers' Gardens." Major Modern Essayists. Second Edition. Ed. Gilbert H. Muller with Alan F. Crooks. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1994. 329-337.
Saturday, August 17, 2019
Streptpcoccus Faecalis
Gram Positive Enterics: Streptococcus faecalis Streptococcus faecalis also known as strep D, is now known as Enterococcus faecalis. Enterococcus faecalis is part of the Enterococcaceae family. This organism is a gram positive and usually occurs in pairs called diplococci. It is facultative anaerobic, and is nonmotile. This organism is a lactose fermenter and can be grown in 6. 5% NaCL. Enterococcus faecalis is considered non-hemolytic, meaning it does not break down blood cells. Enterococcus faecalis is part of normal flora in the intestines of humans, but can be found in water, soil and plants.If Enterococcus faecalis is found in others places of the body, other than the intestines, it becomes opportunistic and can cause major problems for an individual. This is commonly known as a nosocomial infection, because it becomes a concern for immunosuppressed individuals. Also Enterococcus faecalis infections can develop when a nurse neglects to clean an intravenous catheter or rectal ther mometer, and if the nurse neglected to clean those most likely its being spread to other patients.Enterococcus faecalis can cause endocarditis, bacteremia, urinary tract infections, meningitis and other hospital related infections. Unfortunately, Enterococcus faecalis is resistant to most commonly used antibiotics like cephalosporins and aminoglycosides, and a new study suggests that its becoming more resistant to vancomysin. Treatment for an infection by Enterococcus faecalis would be amoxicillin if the organism is susteptible. Treatment for Enterococcus faecalis that is resistant would consist of taking linezolid and daptomycin.The results from the gram positive enterics included: Taxo P (optichin) Resistant to Optichin Bile Esculin Positive for Group D Strep 6. 5% NaCL Positive for Growth Works Cited Bergey, D. H. , J. G. Holt, et al, et al. Berge'ys Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. 9. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams ; Wilkins, 1994. 528-549. Print. Bergey, D. H. , and D. R. Boone. Berge'ys Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. 2nd ed. 3. New York: Springer Verlag, 2010. 594-601, 608. Print.
Friday, August 16, 2019
My worse day ever
My worst day ever was the day my brother fell out the window, and almost died. My brothers name is All. He was born on January 9, 2004 and Is the fourth child in our family. He was eight and a half years of old. It all happened on Tuesday September 11, 2012. My day began Like any other day not knowing what was hidden for me, I thought that this was going to be a great day. I had no Idea that my brother was going to fall from the second floor window and almost die. In this essay I will be informing you about how my day began, to how he fell and what happened at the end. I went to school like always and came home.When I arrived home we were told that guests might come over, so I cleaned the house and got dressed. After we completed cleaning we had our dinner. During the meal the children had made quite a mess under the table so I went upstairs to grab the vacuum. My room was next to the room where all the boys slept. There were five boys that slept in that room since we lived with our cousins. It was impossible to have beds so they had five mattresses on the floor but because we had to vacuum we put three against one wall and parallel to that wall and put the other two under the window.As passed through the rooms I noticed my brother All and cousin Mustang were throwing themselves and Jumping on the mattress from one wall to the other. As I grabbed the vacuum and left my room in the corner of my eye I saw my cousin Mustangs face. His face was red and he look like he was scared. I've never in my life seen a young child scared in that way. I sensed something wrong so, I began to look for All but, there was no sight of him. All I saw was the open window and oddly, the screen was half ripped off. I let go of the vacuum and ran to the window.I barely saw anything, al I saw was his arm, I felt my heart drop. If someone to hit me at that moment there would not have been even a single drop of blood that's how ice cold and shocked I was. As I ran down the stairs I was at a loss for words. Without thinking I swallowed and yelled†All Fell Out The Window Yummy!! â€Å". My sister summer and I said It at the same time because she was down stairs and saw him from the downstairs window. My mother was In the kitchen doing the dishes, when she heard her face changed In color and she fell to the ground In tears not knowing what to do.My Aunt quickly ran stairs to tell my uncle who has just entered the shower after a long hot day at work. Everyone in the house was crying as if he had died. All was in the backyard laying face down on the concrete floor. No one wanted to go outside and see him for the fear of him being dead. I couldn't Just leave him out there so I ran out. I opened the backyard door and went next to him. I began to cry as looked at him laying there. I felt as if the world had ended. I remember telling my self Hess alive. I felt him breathing but he was unconscious.Suddenly he woke up and began to try to get p so I picked him up in my ar ms and opened the door. SSL entered the house his forehead and his nose began to bleed. I went towards the living room and sat on the table with All In my lap and soon he began to cry because he saw everyone crying. My mother was hysterical so I yelled at her, and told her to get a towel and wipe the blood of his face. She did that while my uncle called the ambulance and my father. Hurt? â€Å". All replied in tears and a weak voice â€Å"l don't want shots! I don't want shots! â€Å".Through all that pain his only fear was to get shot. The police arrived and, a few seconds later the ambulance did too. They came in and wrapped All in a bed and took him. My mother went with, I wanted to go with her but the police kept asking me questions. They assumed that this had been purposely done and they wanted to keep us under surveillance. I had to tell the police everything and show them everything till they understood what happened and left. I was alone at home with all the kids, who wer e up stairs hiding in my room and crying from fear that All could have been dead.I went upstairs to comfort them and to tell them that All was â€Å"Okay' ND to Just make dud for him to come home soon. After a long time of waiting impatiently my mom finally called my aunt and told her everything. My aunt looked different and her face became pale but she tried to act normal. When she ended the call I asked her what happened. She told me that All broke his back, neck and, cheek bone and that he might not be ever able to walk again. I began to cry then she asked me not to tell the kids or anyone. She also said that the doctors will be taking one final x-ray to decide the outcome.That night I spent it entirely making dud and exiting everyone I know to make dud and ask others to make dud. That night was extremely long, I couldn't wait till morning to hear what happened. Morning came and no one called. I sat on the couch looking out the window and Just imaging All coming home all better then suddenly the phone rang. My uncle this time answered and he looked amazed for some reason. I waited till he hung up and then looked at him waiting for him to say something. Then he said â€Å"All is fine and is coming home tonight†. I looked at him and said â€Å"How? What do you mean by finer. He replied †Its a miracle ! Interrupting him I said â€Å"what is? â€Å"After the second x ray the doctors found nothing broken but his wrist. No one believed it, they had five doctors come in and check. â€Å". I was amazed †Allah had accepted our duds! †I replied. I felt that the time was going by slowly. They said they'll be here before seven but it was now seven thirty. We waited till eight and then they finally came. When I saw my brother I began to cry my aunt asked me to stop so I went to wash my face and came back down stairs and, spent time with my family. That was my worst day ever. I guess it ended up alright since my brother didn't die.
Thursday, August 15, 2019
Sex’ vs ‘Sexuality
Assembling an Understanding of ‘Sex’ Verses ‘Sexuality’ â€Å"Biologists and psychologists who have accepted the doctrine that the only natural function of sex is reproduction have simply ignored the existence of sexual activity which is not reproductive†Alfred Kinsey (The Invention of Sexuality 40) The terms ‘sex’ and ‘sexuality’ have not always had a clear differentiation, but as the study of sexuality (sexology) has continued and become more commonly studied and recognized, these terms have adapted their own definitions.However, each does not have a perfect definition, because people will have their own opinions regarding the terms. The above quote by a historian of sex was interesting to me because it brings up the aspect of biology within the understanding of the terms ‘sex’ and ‘sexuality’. My personal idea, or understanding, is that ‘sex’ constitutes the more biological side††ones physical features, gender, reproduction (‘sex’ is also the abbreviation for sexual intercourse); and the term ‘sexuality’ makes up everything else that surrounds an individual’s definition of their sexual identity, orientation, and feelings.When reading articles online, I came across this quote: â€Å"sexuality is about who or what you are attracted to, not where you put your dick†(bitheway), which I found to be a very blunt but interesting way to think about what constitutes ‘sexuality’. â€Å"Where you put your †¦Ã¢â‚¬ is your personal preference, but that preference is a compilation of the aspects of one’s personal world and how they have come to define and understand their individual inclination. All of the parts that are compiled in order to form ones individual definition are aspects of ‘sexuality’ within our culture.Another page online gives definitions for ‘sex’ and Ã¢â‚¬Ë œsexuality’ that I have found to be the most clear and complete: Sex refers to whether or not a person is male or female, whether a person has a penis or vagina. Sexuality refers to the total expression of who you are as a human being, your femaleness or your maleness†¦ Your sexuality is an interplay between body image, gender identity, gender role, sexual orientation, eroticism, genitals, intimacy, relationships, and love and affection†¦ includes his or her attitudes, values, knowledge and behaviors.How people express their sexuality is influenced by their families, culture, society, faith and beliefs. (Sex and Sexuality: Understanding the Differences) The influence from all aspects of our lives that guide us to define our sexuality is a major component in sexology. The italicized words in the definition above are some I think are very significant in understanding what constitutes ‘sexuality’.Since the study of sex started to dramatically change, there has been more understanding within so many topics of sexuality, such as gender (roles and variance), marriage and the family, homosexuality, heterosexuality, bisexuality, intersex, trans-gender/sex/vestite, evolution of sexual identities, legal and medical regulation, religious roles/codes, phallocentricism, women’s bodies and health, illegitimacy, â€Å"and the importance of social networks and oppositional sexualities†(The Invention of Sexuality 39).This is only the first week that I have studied sexuality and culture in an educational environment, and after enjoying many sources of new material I have begun to compile my own understanding of ‘sex’ and ‘sexuality’, which is just the beginning of my learning on the subject. One of the most important aspects to take away from these introductory lessons is how grand of a role society and culture have on sexuality.It is so important to be aware of and take into account culture’s influen ce on sexuality now and within the history of sex. In our US society (and this is a generalization) some vital influences are class, race/ethnicity, gender, age, family history and how one was raised, physical ability, religion and region. Now that I have collected a better understanding of ‘sex’ and ‘sexuality’ as educational terms, I can further my knowledge of everything that makes up sexuality within cultures around the world.Bitheway. Sex Verses Sexuality. Bi The Way: An exploration of Male Bisexuality. 6 May 2008. http://www. bitheway. co. uk/2008/05/06/sex-versus-sexuality/. Sex and Sexuality: Understanding the Differences (Learning Activity). RECAPP 2007-2009. http://www. etr. org/recapp/index. cfm? fuseaction=pages. LearningActivitiesDeta il&PageID=167 The Invention of Sexuality. Sexual Lives: A Reader on the Theories and Realities of Human Sexualities. McGraw-Hill, 2003.
Wednesday, August 14, 2019
Analysis John Proctor Essay
In a sense, the play, ‘The Crucible’, has the structure of a classical tragedy with John Proctor being the protagonist of the play and its tragic hero. As there is a saying â€Å"To err is human†¦ †John Proctor likewise was led to his grave due to a fatal flaw he possessed. Proctor, in his first appearance in the play, is presented as a quick-witted, sharp-tongued man with a keen sense of pride and a streak of confidence. He was a symbol of justice and righteousness. His secret affair with Abigail, before Elizabeth Proctor fired her, seemed to end since John no more harbored feelings for Abigail. Abigail Give me a word, John, A soft word. Proctor No, no, Abby. That’s done with. However, upon learning the truth†¦ Abigail I have a sense for heat, John, and yours has drawn me to my window, and I have seen you looking up, burning in your loneliness. Do you tell me you’ve never looked up at my window? This suggests that what Abigail had been saying to John was the truth too that he still had kind feelings for her, and created Abigail’s jealousy of his wife, Elizabeth, which sets the entire witch hysteria in motion. His wisdom, sharpness and his independence are traits would make a suitable person to question the motives of those who cry witchcraft. However, his guilt over his affair with Abigail makes his situation much more problematic because he is very guilty in the hypocrisy he detested to see in others. Secondly, John does not seem to be favoring the authority Parris possess that he blatantly said right in front of Parris that he would join the faction which was â€Å"against him and all authority†. Once the trials begin, Proctor realizes that he can stop Abigail’s rampage through Salem but only if he confesses to his adultery. Such an admission would ruin his good name, and Proctor is, above all, a proud man who places great emphasis on his reputation. Proctor is quite a brave, honest and honorable man, confessing his sin of adultery to the court in a bid to stop the agitation present in Salem by tarnishing the now saintly name of Abigail Williams so that the townsfolk would stop listening to her false accusations. He eventually makes an attempt, through Mary Warren’s testimony, to name Abigail as a fraud without revealing the crucial information. Proctor Then her saintliness is done with. We will slide together into our pit; you will tell the court what you know. When this attempt fails, he finally bursts out with a confession, calling Abigail a â€Å"whore†and proclaiming his guilt publicly. Proctor A fire, a fire is burning! I hear the boot of Lucifer, I see his filthy face! And it is my face, and yours, Danforth! For them that quail to bring men out of ignorance, as I have quailed, and as you quail now when you know in all your black hearts that this be fraud- God damns our kind especially, and we will burn, we will burn together! †¦ Proctor You are pulling Heaven down and raising up a whore! These quotes suggest that the Proctor who used to believe in God’s word is no longer devoted to Him anymore due to the injustice and evil around him. It’s as if he has become an atheist- God is dead! Only then does he realize that it is too late, that matters have gone too far, and that not even the truth can break the powerful frenzy that he has allowed Abigail to whip up. Proctor’s confession succeeds only in leading to his arrest and conviction as a witch, and though he lambastes the court and its proceedings, he is also aware of his terrible role in allowing this fervor to grow unchecked. Proctor is also a man who thinks of others. He stands up for the other townsfolk, refusing to give the names of innocent citizens. â€Å"I have no knowledge in that line. But it’s hard to think so pious a woman is secretly a Devil’s bitch after seventy year of such good prayer. †He saved others, while preserving his own honor. (I speak my own sins; I cannot judge another. ) Offered the opportunity to make a public confession of his guilt and live, he almost succumbs, even signing a written confession. His immense pride and fear of public opinion compelled him to withhold his adultery from the court, but by the end of the play he is more concerned with his personal integrity than his public reputation. He still wants to save his name, but for personal and religious, rather than public, reasons. (I have given you my soul; leave me my name! -Proctor) Proctor’s refusal to provide a false confession is a true religious and personal stand. Such a confession would dishonor his fellow prisoners, who are brave enough to die as testimony to the truth. Perhaps more relevantly, a false admission would also dishonor him, staining not just his public reputation, but also his soul. By refusing to give up his personal integrity Proctor implicitly proclaims his conviction that such integrity will bring him to heaven. He goes to the gallows redeemed for his earlier sins. As Elizabeth says to end the play, responding to Hale’s plea that she convince Proctor to publicly confess: â€Å"He have his goodness now. God forbid I take it from him! †Proctor dies as a man of integrity who never sold his soul and stained his name upon confessing to what God knows and speaks of as heathen. He lived up to be a man who ought to be given the utmost respect, by his wife and by his fellow Salemites. Nearing to the end of the play, Proctor redeems himself and provides a final denunciation of the witch trials in his final act. Elizabeth who respects Proctor deeply and is proud that he doesn’t confess suggests that she too loves him dearly. Even Mr Hale was not able to instigate Proctor in confessing a false crime and succumb the false crime of witchcraft. Hale Woman, plead with him! Woman! It is pride, it is vanity. Be his helper! – What profits him to bleed? Shall the dust praise him? Shall the worms declare his truth? Go to him, take his shame away! Elizabeth He have his goodness now. God I forbid I take it from him! Abigail Williams An antagonist of the play, she beats Parris and Danforth with all the villainy she possessed. In contrast to her beautiful looks, she is characterless and baseless as bastardy has ever stooped to be that low. Being a blatant liar, she is able to twist the situation so well that even the whole of Salem was sent to its doom due to her hysteria. Her pretty looks can be as deceiving as her character. Abigail it were sport, uncle! †¦ (innocently) A dress? †¦ No one was naked! You mistake yourself, uncle! †¦ Why, I am sure it is, sir. There be no blush about my name. These blatant lies came about one after another suggest that Abigail is not only lying but also disrespectful to those who take care of her by making them believe to whatever she says. In this manner, Parris was half convinced and had the courage to run the trials and commence a witch-hunt upon Abigail’s words. Abigail has a large role in the play as the villain of the play, instigating the downfall of many innocent townsfolk. While working in the Proctor’s house as a servant, she had an affair with John Proctor, which led to her being dismissed by the latter’s wife, Elizabeth Proctor. This suggests that she was not only ungrateful, but also in a way trying to seduce Proctor lest he bend toward Elizabeth. This leads to Abigail directing hate towards her and targeting her later in the play. Betty You drank blood, Abby! You didn’t tell him that!†¦.. You did, you did! You drank a charm to kill John Proctor’s wife! You drank a charm to kill Goody Proctor! Throughout the hysteria, Abigail’s motivations never seem more complex than simple jealousy and a desire to have revenge on Elizabeth Proctor. The language of the play is almost Biblical, and Abigail seems like a Biblical character-a Jezebel figure, driven only by sexual desire and a lust for power. Nevertheless, it is worth pointing out a few background details that, though they don’t mitigate Abigail’s guilt, make her actions more understandable. Abigail was a symbol of defiance. Although she knew that Salem was an entirely religion-based community, she chose to rebel against the somewhat restrictive customs and sinned again and again. From giving in to lust and sexual desires, to adultery and finally to lying and murder in a sense, her deeds went against the very code of religion. A mere accusation from one of Abigail’s troop is enough to incarcerate and convict even the most well-respected inhabitant of Salem. Whereas others once reproached her for her adultery, she now has the opportunity to accuse them of the worst sin of all: devil-worship. Abigail was also manipulative as she was able to take advantage of her friends, Reverend Parris and the judges to make them believe her so that she was able to attain freedom and have Proctor to herself after getting rid of Elizabeth. She only did this for her personal vengeance and benefit. Abigail could be even merciless if she had the choice, by sending nineteen innocent people to the gallows for crimes they did not commit. She was a shrewd mastermind who was opportunative, for her benefits. Although, she is strong and determined, this does not make her a good person. She used her intelligence in a shrewd yet cruel manner. She was thoughtless of the lives that were taken away, all due to her. She was the root of all evil. Having Proctor was her only ambition. And when she learns that Proctor, too, is dead when he was sent to the gallows, her utmost motive in recovering Proctor, her love, was gone. Her will to struggle was no longer present. So, she too left and never looked to turn back to Salem. Reverend Samuel Parris Basically, Reverend Samuel Parris is a paranoid, power-hungry, yet oddly self-pitying figure. Parris presents himself as a father who cares and worries for his daughter, Betty, who had been supposedly witched. Trying to hide the fact, he does not believe it. Parris No-no. There be no unnatural cause here. Tell him I have sent for Reverend Hale of Beverly and Mr Hale will surely confirm that. Let him look to medicine and put out all thought of unnatural causes here. There be none. Upon deeper analysis, Parris does not actually care for Betty and her friends but is ardent in saving his reputation. Parris Now look you, child, your punishment will come in its time. But if you trafficked with spirits in the forest I must know it now, for surely my enemies will, and they will ruin me with it. Parris is so blinded by lies that he would not be abele to distinguish between truth or lie. He is so gullible by allowing himself to be convinced by Abigail’s words that he was reluctant in listening to the townsfolk and get their opinion. Although he questioned Abigail repeatedly, he never had the idea (till the end) that Abigail could be using him for her personal benefits. But this didn’t mind Parris as he was just a coward because he guessed that the faction would grab this opportunity and ruin him with it. By blaming that all abominations began here, in the Minister’s house. And that would be the base of witchcraft and Lucifer’s den. Parris is full of greed. This can be proved due to the fact that although he earned sixty-six pounds (which was a lot at that time), he was not happy with it and wanted more. In addition, he could not bear the uprising faction which was against him and his authority. Parris is dogmatic in his opinions, intolerant of opposition, and suspicious of those whom he does not like. Parris has grown a grudge against Proctor after learning that Proctor was not hesitant in joining the faction that was against Parris and his authority. (Why, then I must find it and join it!) His belief in witches and his desire to punish his enemies set in motion the chain of events that leads to the hysteria in Salem. In my opinion, he is an incapable minister who is not able to take things in his stride but who listens to others. This suggests that he is more of a follower than a leader, although he has the full right to make his own decisions. Proctor You cannot command Mr Parris. We vote by name in this society, not by acreage. / During the witch trials, he pressures Danforth, the chief judge, to punish those who, in his opinion, are possessed or in league with the Devil.
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